Middle Ages Pt.1

New Germanic Kingdom

500

After the Roman empire the kingdoms became known as the Franks. Clovis who was a military leader led the kingdoms. He was also the first Christian Germanic leader. by 510 Clovis's kingdom stretched from France to Western Germany. When he died his sons split it into 3. Romans and the Germans intermarried which created a new society. They believed in crime then and eye for an eye.Simply if you killed someone they could kill someone in your family. Laws were also based on a custom.

Eastern Roman Empire to Byzantine Empire

527

Constantinople existed after the western empire fell. Justinian became the ruler in 527. He put down the Nika revolt. He was able to build Italy, part of Spain, North Africa, Asia Minor, Syria, Palestine but when Justinian died they lost almost all of it. They wrote a code of Laws much like the Romans had started. They used these laws until the fall of Constantinople in 1452. They started the foundation of a legal system.

Church in the Middle Ages

Jan 1, 600

When the Roman empire fell Christianity and the Church took over. There were 4 main groups;Parishes,Priest,Bishops,and Archbishops. Roman catholic church ran by a single Bishop. Peter was given the keys to heaven by Jesus. Bishops were then known as Popes. A famous pope was Gregory I. He led Rome and the surrounding areas. The church gave the Pope political power and spiritual authority over the Church. He also converted non Christian Germans through the monastic.

Monks and Caroligian Empire

Jan 1, 768

Later came the Monks. They would practice living life dedicating to one God instead of society this was called Monasticism. Saint Benedict changed that and becomes a model. He divided into Work,Prayer, and Sleep. Vowed life of poverty and had Christian heroes. Provided schools,aids,and hospitals. Pepin replaced the kingdom with his family. When Pepin died his son Charlemagne took over. Christmas 800 Holy Empire. The renaissance empire he taught himself and educated the catholic clergy.

End of the Carolingian Empire

Jan 1, 950

Charlemagne's death lead to a void where his grandsons split into West,East and Middle kingdoms. The local people took over while Carolingian's fought each other for power.The Magyars game from western Asia and invaded Europe who settled in Hungary. The Vikings then came and they loved trading and destroying small villages until they got what they wanted.They were skilled warriors and could build ships. The Dragon ships could hold up to 50 men and move upriver. Also they were called Normandy.

Feudalism

Jan 1, 975

Later on they created a new political and social order called feudalism. The Heart of feudalism was vassalage. Germanic warriors who also swore loyalty and oath to their leaders were vassals. Knights were also introduced who were Frankish soldiers who were on horses and had chain armor with spears. It was very expensive so they often fought for land. A Homage was used to show loyalty between the vassal and the leader. The relationship were a set of unwritten rules called a Feudal Contract

NOBILITY AND CHIVALRY

Jan 1, 985

The nobles included: Kings, Dukes, Counts, Barons,Bishops, and Archbishops. Because the nobles owned land, they had a lot of political, economic, and social power. Knights then trained in tournaments. They also invented Jousting. The Catholic Church created ethic codes which were called Chivalry. They treated the women with respect who were called Nuns. Lady of the castle managed the estate. Eleanor of Aquitaine is the Mother of John and Richard who became Kings of England

France in the Middle Ages

Feb 10, 987

Carolingian Empire divides into 3 parts. Western Kingdom became France. The Last Carolingian died so the west Frankish nobles made Hugh Capet their king. They were called kings but had little power. They also controlled land only around Paris. Phillip II Augustus came and fought wars against England and took their land from them. Louis XI was a very religious leader who made a saint and would meet people in person to hear their fears.Phillip IV created the French Parliament.

The Holy Roman Empire

Jan 1, 1000

Powerful dukes of Saxon became kings.Otto I was German and brought Church to their culture. Struggled with Italy since Germany tried ruling both Germany and Italy. Lost many armies Fredrick I and II proved this. They also both tried to include Italy in the new Holy Empire but were opposed by the pope and the people that lived in northern Italy.German empires left Germany in the hands of lords and nobles by fighting Italy. Germany doesn’t have a strong monarchy until about 1860.

England in the Middle Ages

Jan 1, 1066

William of Normandy, landed in England to defeat King Harold at the Battle of Hastings. All Nobles swore oath to him as leader of England. Spoke French to get a new English language. England then got the Common Laws. Thomas A Becket said that only Roman could Punish the clergy. They in enlisted in the Magna Carta which protected them from a King having too much power. King john then signed it. Later they established the English Parliament which grants taxes, discusses politics, and passed laws.

Central and Eastern Europe

Jan 1, 1169

Western Slavs formed the polish and bohemian kingdoms. Eastern and Southern Slavs joined the Eastern orthodox Church in Byzantium. The Croats stayed Roman Catholic Eastern Slavic people settled in Russia and Ukraine. Also they got destroyed by the Vikings. Settled in Kiev and Rus became the ruler of eastern orthodox. Later on the Mongols conquered Russia. Alexander Nevsky defeated invading the Germans in North Western Russia. His reward was become princes of Moscow and leader of Russia.

Byzantium Empire

Feb 13, 1453

Justinian's death lead Byzantium to have many problems. They also had too much land. Their population decreased because of a plague. Islamic forces defeated the Roman empire at Yarmuk in 636 and the Bulgars took the land. After the they replaced Latin with Greek as the official language. The church was the eastern orthodox. The Patriarch was the head of the church. The Macedonians expanded the empire. In 1054 the Pope was excommunicated. At the end they asked Alexius I for help.