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First School Museum Opens
The first school museum opens and begins the trend of Instructional Media for enhanced learning. -
Visual Education published
A teachers' guide to lantern slides and stereographs is published. -
Instructional Films
The first catalog of instructional films viewed via motion picture projector is published. -
Thomas Edison- "Books will be obselete..."
Thomas Edison makes the claim that knowledge will be taught by motion picture and books will soon have no use in education. -
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Visual Instruction Movement
Visual Instruction grows in popularity in academia and industry as a means of learning and training. 5 professional organizations are created. -
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Audiovisual Instruction Movement
Occurring through the 1920's and 1930's, radio and stereographs help kick start the Audiovisual Instruction Movement. Journals are published and training institutions are established. -
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Visual Instruction Movement Fades
Commercial interests in V.I. decline and lose over $50 million. Professional organizations merge into one, DVI now called the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. (AECT) -
Merging of Organizations into DVI
As the Visual Instruction movement starts to fade, 3 national professional organizations merge into one, the Department of Visual Instruction (DVI) which is now called the Association for Educational Communications and Technology. (AECT) -
Visualizing the Curriculum published
Written by Charles F. Hoban, Sr. Charles F. Hoban Jr., and Stanley Zissman -
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Instructional Design Origin
WWII- training materials are based on research of instruction, learning and human behavior. Training is viewed as a system and used analysis, design, and evaluation procedures. -
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Behaviorism
Behavioral Learning Theory from Skinner. Learning is a behavioral response. -
WWII
A/V devices were used extensively in WWII. Filmstrips and training films. Overhead projectors, slide projectors, audio equipment, simulators, and training devices. -
Cone of Experience
Edgar Dale elaborated on the hierarchy of AV materials. -
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Computer Assisted Instruction
Researchers at IBM start work on CAI in the early 1950s. CAI used in public schools and universities in the 1960s. -
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Programmed Instruction Movement
Skinner's "The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching" changes education. (1954) -
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Instructional Television
Educational television channels created. Financial support of public tv rather than in-school applications of instructional tv. -
Bloom's Taxonomy
Benjamin Bloom's Taxonomy -
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Behavioral Objectives for PI
Robert Mager introduces writing objectives for PI. -
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The term "Instructional Design"
Instructional design used to describe learning models. -
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Instructional Technology a Process
During this time, instructional technology is seen more as a process for solving instructional problems rather than only associated with media. -
Criterion-Referenced Testing Movement
Glaser creates criterion-referenced measures using baseline data and learned behaviors. -
The Conditions of Learning
Gagne introduces learning task analysis. -
GST
Silvern developed the General Systems Theory as one of the first systematic instructional design models. -
Cognitive Information Processing Theory
Environment is important role in learning. Sensory, memory load, working memory, -
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ADDIE process
Many instructional design models being created use the 5 steps of the ADDIE process. Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate. -
Instructional Design Models used
US Military, academia, business and industry use ID to improve training. Graduate programs in ID are developed. -
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Computer use in classrooms
Computers were being used in most schools but impact was small. -
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Growth and Redirection of ID
Cognitive psychology in relation to ID peaks interests. Computer based instruction increases and relation to ID in brought to attention. -
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Human Performance Improvement Movement
Real world tasks and constructivism. Computers used for training AND to improve on the job performance. Computer based knowledge management systems. -
Constructivism
Learning is an active, collaborative process and originates as a natural problem solving process. -
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Internet for Instruction Increases/21st century Learning
Ride in internet for instruction, online courses, mobile devices, social media, performance support tools. More efficient ID needed. -
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Online Class Enrollment Rises
Huge increase in online instruction and class enrollment. -
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Rise in online training for business and industry
Online instruction for job training widely used, -
SAM model
Successive Approximation Model was developed by Allen to overcome the shortcomings of the ADDIE model. -
Pebble in the Pond Model
Developed by Merrill to show the ripple effect of the process of instructional design. -
Smartphone Use in Instruction
64% of college students use smartphones for school.