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Here is the chronology of the former South African president Nelson Mandela, who died at the age of 95.
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was born near Qunu, in Transkei (now Eastern Cape), the youngest son of a counselor to the head of his clan Thembu.
1939: Enter the university of Fort Hare, at that time the only center of higher education in the country for blacks. He graduates in Law.
1942: Finds an office job at a law firm in Johannesburg and gets a law license by correspondence. -
Affiliates the African National Congress (ANC), protected by Walter Sisulu
1944: Marries Nurse Evelyn Mase, cousin of Sisulu, with whom she will have two sons and two daughters. He founds the ANC Youth League with Sisulu, Oliver Tambo, Anton Lembede and Peter Mda. -
Enter the National Executive Committee of the ANC.
It happens its first detention in a manifestation, it spends two nights in the jail. He is tried for violating the law on the suppression of communism and sentenced to nine months of conditional prison. Open a law office with Oliver Tambo. -
He is arrested for high treason, as well as 155 militants.
1957: In provisional liberty and divorce instance, Mandela meets Nomzamo Winnifred "Winnie" Madikizela, with whom he will marry in 1958. They will have two daughters.
1960: He is arrested between March and August with hundreds of militants.
1961: Justice absolves him together with the co-accused in process for high treason. In December he launches the armed arm of the ANC, Umkhonto weSizwe (MK, "Spear of the Nation") of which he is commander-in-chief. -
Undertakes an African tour to find political support and funding for the new organization.
In August, he was arrested in Howick (east) and sentenced to five years in prison for incitement to strike and for having left the territory without authorization.
1963: During his detention, the main leaders of the ANC, among them Sisulu, Govan Mbeki and Ahmed Kathrada, are arrested in their hiding place of Rivonia (north of Johannesburg). Everyone, including Mandela, is accused of sabotage. -
Mandela and the co-defendants avoid the death penalty, but are sentenced to life imprisonment and sent to the prison island of Robben Island, in front of the Cape. He will purge his sentence under the prisoner registration number 46,664.
1982: In the midst of a growing international mobilization for his release, Mandela is transferred to Pollsmoor prison, near the Cape.
1988: Mandela is transferred to the prison residence Victor Verster, where an increasingly important number of visits, both from the opposition but also from the government, paves the way for negotiations between the ANC and the government. -
President Pieter W. Botha receives him for a first meeting, and then in December his successor Frederik de Klerk.
1990: On February 11, Klerk frees him unconditionally and legalizes the ANC.
1991: He is elected president of the ANC and supervises and directs the transition negotiations. -
He is Nobel Peace Prize winner along with Frederik de Klerk.
His tireless struggle led him to change, even without freedom, the direction of a country that for years was immersed in racism and, on the contrary, in the struggle for freedom. -
The first democratic and multiracial elections of South Africa are celebrated, in which the ANC is imposed. On May 10, Mandela is inaugurated as president of the Republic of South Africa.
1996: He divorces Winnie Madikizela, of whom he was separated since 1992.
December 16, 1997. He announces his withdrawal from the ANC and politics.
1998: Joins in third nuptials with Graça Machel, widow of the former Mozambican president Samora Machel.
1999: He retires from the presidency of the country, which falls to Thabo Mbeki after the victory of the ANC in the second democratic elections in the country. -
1999-2001: Assumes the mediation of the peace process in Burundi after the death of the Tanzanian mediator Julius Nyerere.
Suffering from prostate cancer, he says goodbye to Parliament, giving way to Thabo Mbeki as the new president. Since then he has directed his work towards various humanitarian causes since its foundation. In 2001 he began treatment against the disease. -
The Mandela Foundation launches a major international campaign with the aim of raising funds for the fight against AIDS. It is named '46664', the prisoner number that Mandela took on Robben Island.
2005: Announces that his son, Makgatho, 54, died of AIDS, "a normal disease" of which we must speak "openly".
2008: The world celebrates its 90th birthday with an appeal for peace. London pays homage to him with a macro convention and US lawmakers delete references to Mandela from the national databases as a "terrorist".
November 2009.
The UN declares July 18 as its International Day. In 2010 the festival was celebrated for the first time. -
Appears at the closing ceremony of the 2010 World Cup in Johannesburg. It is his last public appearance. Sitting in a golf cart with his wife Graca Machel, Mandela shows a wide smile while receiving a thunderous ovation from the crowd.
June 21, 2011: Mandela receives Michelle Obama, his two daughters and other relatives of Obama in his home.
February 25, 2012 - Mandela is admitted to a hospital with a "prolonged abdominal ailment". He is discharged two days later.
June 8, 2012 - He is hospitalized for the reappearance of a pulmonary infection and returns to his home in Johannesburg after three months of hospitalization. -
Mandela is hospitalized almost three weeks for a lung infection, and for gallstones.
April 29, 2013: State television broadcasts images of President Jacob Zuma and other ANC leaders visiting Mandela at his residence in Johannesburg. Zuma says at the time that Mandela is in good condition, but the images - the first of Mandela's in almost a year - show him in silence and motionless, even when Zuma tries to take his hand. -
The government says that Mandela is hospitalized with a lung infection. It is estimated that his condition is serious but stable.
December 5, 2013 - Nelson Mandela dies in his home in Johannesburg after suffering a long battle against lung infection. He dies at 95 years of age. -
Presented by: Andry Lorena Ortega Osorio ID: 536419
Student
bibliographic references:
http://www.eluniversal.com.co/mundo/cronologia-de-la-vida-de-nelson-mandela-144545
