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Purchase of Alaska
Russia looked to President Seward (R), an extreme expansionist, to buy Alaska- Russia did not want Great Britain to take it -
Jose Marti
Cuban rebel leader who fought for independence from Spain; used the power of the pen; wanted US to fight Spain -
Battle of Santiago
concluding naval engagement, which sealed the U.S. victory over the Spaniards during the Spanish-American War -
The Influence of Sea Power
(By Alfred Thayer Mahan) Explains that, although extremely beneficial, over sea commerce evidently leads to violence and disagreement between countries. That eventually can lead to war because of its strong military history -
Queen Liliuokalani
The last known ruler (monarch) of Hawaii before it was overtaken by America -
Emilio Aguinaldo
Filipino rebel leader that the US supported in the Spanish American War (1898); later he became an enemy when the Philippines became a US territory -
Yellow Journalism
the use of exaggerated reporting by newspapers -
Battle of Manila Bay
After USS Maine was sunk, U.S. declared war on Spain which resulted in the fall of the Philippines, final U.S. victory in the Spanish-American war- EST. THE GREAT REPUTATION OF U.S. NAVAL POWER -
George Dewey
US Navy Commodore who launched a surprise attack on the Spanish in Manila Bay, Philippines -
Battle of San Juan Hill
In Cuba; most significant U.S. land victory, and one of the final battles, of the Spanish-American War; Roosevelt's Rough Riders Storm cuba and help end SAW -
Treaty of Paris
Spain ceded its longstanding colony of the Philippines to the United States ending the Philippine-American War and U.S. annexed Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines -
Open Door Policy in China
John Hay established the Spheres of Influence in China here each nation can only stay withing their section to trade with China. To the U.S. access in China, the ODP was created. -
Annexation of Hawaii
Queen Lilouokalani overthrown in 1893. Cleveland opposed the annexation of Hawaii. In 1898, McKinley & Congress completed annexation and in 1900, Hawaii became a U.S. territory. It became an actal state in 1959 -
Boxer Rebellion
Ar secret society (Boxers) of Chinese nationalists who gathered together to attack foreign settlements and murder dozens of Christian missionaries. To protect the U.S., troops were sent to join an international force to crush the rebellion; they were successful -
Foraker Act
Established civil government for Puerto Rico which replaced military rule -
Platt Amendment
A Constitutional Amendment for Cuba:
1. No Treaty with another country
2. US could have naval bases in Cuba
3. Debt must be kept low with other nations
4. US could intervene to protect Cuban Independence -
"Big Stick" Diplomacy
Created by Roosevelt: "big stick" symbolizes his power and readiness to use military force if necessary- intimidates countries without actually harming them and was the basis of U.S. imperialistic foreign policy -
U.S. Acquisition of the Canal
bought from French @ $40 million- Panama declared independence without interference from Colombia- 3 months later Panamanians granted control of Panama Canal to U.S. -
Great White Fleet
Roosevelt sent the Navy on a world tour to show the world the U.S. naval power -
Dollar Diplomacy
Pres. Taft did not believe in the Big Stick, instead, sought to use the Dollar Diplomacy as the policy that used U.S. financial powers rather than military intervention, to extend their influence abroad -
Root-Takahira Agreement
accord between the U.S. and Japan that averted a drift toward possible war by mutually acknowledging certain international policies and spheres of influence in the Pacific -
William Howard Taft
Presidency ended 3/4/1913 -
Victoriano Huerta
Mexican military officer and President of Mexico who was also leader of the Tampico incident -
Woodrow Wilson
made US most powerful country in world, declared neutrality to get US to mediate end to war, asked for declaration of war, associated power of allies, main goal was to create a new structure of peace (presidency ended in 1921) -
Opening of the Panama Canal
open to ships and trading-made maritime commerce much easier (man made water way connecting the Pacific ocean to the Atlantic Ocean) -
Pancho Villa
Mexican revolutionary who killed many Americans in Mexico- U.S. sent John J Pershing to capture him but never did -
U.S. Declaration of War
Germany's submarine policy= warfare against mankind
~U.S. would have to cut off supplies to the Allies b/c of Germany's new sub. policy -> if they dont close supply trade Germany could win the war before America can even react -
Battle at Belleau Wood
U.S. troops stopped German advance and struck back with a successful counterattack -
Battle of Château-Thierry
U.S. met with French allies at the Marne on 3 June and forced the Germans back across the rive -
14 Points
Made by Wilson-calls for free trade; an end to secret pacts between nations; freedom of the seas; arms reduction; and the creation of the League of Nations -
End of WW1
The Treaty of Versailles imposed on Germany by the Allied powers in 1920 after the end of World War I which demanded exorbitant reparations from the Germans -
Red Scare
Anti-German hysteria of the war years turned suddenly into anti-Communist hysteria -
League of Nations
Established as an international peace keeping organization -
Pearl Harbor
Japanese planes bombed almost all American fleets and ships at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Dec. 8, U.S. declares war against Japan (Italy and Germany allies with Japan)
