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Civil disobedience
when someone believed that a law was unjust ice that.
Henry David Thoreau spent time in jail for refusing to pay his tax toll against slavery because he felt that he did not have to pay it. -
13th amendment
to abolished slavery -
14th amendment
Granted ex slave citizenship,equal protection, and due process -
15th amendment
gave African American men the right to vote -
Period: to 1950 BCE
Jim Crow Laws
Laws the specifically separated the whites from the blacks and blacks were usually treated worser than the whites so were given better things and treated better -
Period: to
Jim Crow Laws
Mandated facilities separate for whites and blacks They were very unfair.
Black Facilities were usually worse. -
Period: to
Lynching
s were becoming a popular way of resolving some of the anger that whites had in relation to the free blacks
is an extrajudicial punishment by an informal group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, or to intimidate a group. It is an extreme form of informal group social control such as charivari, skimming ton, riding the rail, and tarring and feathering, but with a drift towards the display of a public spectacle -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Court Case the believed Jim Crow laws were very constitutional and that they did not the 14th amendment a equal protection.
the supreme court enforced that the "separate but equal" law was very constitutional.Most schools in the south were greatly lower rank to the white ones -
Lester Maddox
Maddox came to prominence as a segregationist, he refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, he sold his restaurant rather than serve to african americans -
CORE
Congress of Racial Equality; northern based civil rights group which had both black and white membership; organized the Freedom Riders and Freedom Summer -
Orval Faubus
He supported segregation
Hr sent National guards to block black students
and He was an Arkansas governor that ordered the Arkansas National Guard to surround the all white little rick high school so that they could try and prevent the little rock nine from entering the school. -
Thurgood Marshall
Was A Grandson Of a slave,Chief legal counsel for NAACP and WON the Brown cause in 1967 at supreme court.
Him and the NAACP tried to influence the supreme court that the schools were segregated unequally. he also became the first african american supreme court justice. -
Brown v Board of Education
Brown stated that people should be considered as "separate but equal" and Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Boycott organized by the blacks so that they could sit anywhere they wanted on the bus
Also Planned by NAACP president E.D. Nixon -
Rosa Parks
She Refused to give up her seat to a white man which was against the Law so in 1955 she was arrested and taken to jail. -
Hector P. Garcia
army veteran from Texas who organized the American G.I. Forum, which was an organization that fought against the unfair treatment of Mexican Americans. He was a physician and a political activist -
Emmett TIll
Money, MS, in 1955•Accused of whistling at a white woman•Till was brutally beaten and shot in the head•His death became a galvanizing event in the Civil Rights Movement -
Period: to
Montgomery bus boycott
was organized prior to park's arrest.
planned by the NAACP.
Montgomery Improvement Association was created to organized a boycott of city buses that lasted one year before the Supreme Court ruled the cities bus laws unconstitutional;
Martin luther king president of MIA -
The Little Rock Nine
were the First Black students to agree to attend an all white school in which they graduated from Little Rock Central. -
Desegregation
the abolishment of racial segregation, which happened due to the work of Civil Rights leaders such as Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. -
Cvil Rights Act of 1957
the Eisenhower administration passed on the civil rights act to try and increase african american voting in the south.this act created by the Civil rights Commission established a division in the justice department.This law gave african american the power to be able to register to vote. -
SCLC
relied on influence of black Southern religious leaders
ed 1963 protests in Birmingham as well as the March on Washington -
Period: to
sitins
Four black students denied service at lunch counter; stayed until closing timeHundreds joined the protestExpanded to other local businessesSparked sit-ins in cities across the country -
non violent protest
Influenced by Thoreau and Gandhi•Nonviolent civil disobedience•No fighting back, even if assaulted or arrested•Explained in “Letter From Birmingham Jail” -
Freesom riders
Supreme Court ordered bus terminals desegregated in 1961SNCC decided to test if Southern cities had compliedRiders beaten in South Carolina, firebombed in AlabamaFederal injunctions finally integrated bus terminals -
Affirmative Action
a policy of favoring members from a disadvantaged group who do or have suffered from discrimination within a culture. This policy is conducted in colleges alongside of a holistic approach to acceptance -
Cesar Chavez
Farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers. He helped to improve conditions for migrant farm workers and unionize them -
Betty Friedan
feminist, activist and writer. Best known for starting the Second Wave of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique" -
Ole Miss integration
Black student who tried to enroll at the segregated University of Mississippi (“Ole Miss”)•Successfully sued for admission•JFK forced to use military and U.S. marshals to ensure his safety•Graduated in 1963 -
The March on Washington
Conceived by A. Philip Randolph in 1941
the BIG SIX organized march in 1963
Purpose of march changed to encompass civil rights legislation, as well as employment rights and a higher minimum wage -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations and Places along with Employment.
Made Law Enforcement Easier and this Act was Introduced By President JFK but Guided by LBJ through Congress -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Strengthened enforcement of 15th AmendmentAllowed for federal oversight where registration or turnout was under 50 percent in 1964 Banned literacy tests as qualifications for votingIn the Capitol Rotunda, President Johnson signs the Voting Rights Act into law -
Watts Riots
Los Angeles, August 1965•A white police officer stopped a black motorist; driver, passenger, and driver’s mother arrested•Crowd assembled, began throwing rocks•Riots resulted in 34 deaths and $35 million in damages -
stockely Carmichael
chairman of the SNCC that coined the slogan "Black Power," and all that it represents -
The Black Panthers
Founded in 1966 by Huey Newton, Bobby Seale, and others
a militant Black political party to end political dominance by Whites -
Martin Luther King jr
He was Born in 1929.
He was the head Of the Southern Christian Leadership Church in Conference.
He was the youngest man to win a Nobel Prize.
Known as a fiery, masterful speaker and was killed in 1968
he believed in civil disobedience -
George Wallace
Governor George Wallace made a “stand in the schoolhouse door” to block the blacks enrollment at the University of Alabama.
he was forced to step down from the stand. -
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
into law. Title IX is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federally funded education program or activity.
