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the birth of probation
john augustus is recognized as the first true probation officer. -
first probation signed in massachusetts
The first probation law in the United States was enacted by the Massachusetts legislature on April 26, 1878. It wasnt until March 4, 1925, when the first statute providing for federal probation officers was signed by President Coolidge. -
the 18th amendment
The Eighteenth Amendment was passed by congress—which illegalized the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcohol—was passed by the U.S. Congress in 1917. who created it was Wayne Wheeler -
18th amendment
In 1919 the amendment was ratified by the three-quarters of the nation's states required to make it constitutional. -
probation in the 20s
Prohibition in the United States was a nationwide constitutional ban on the production, importation, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages from 1920 to 1933. Prohibitionists first attempted to end the trade in alcoholic drinks during the 19th century. -
the great depression
The Great Depression was a severe economic depression that lasted a decade between 1929 and 1939. it began after a major fall in stock prices in the U.S. the economic contagion began around september 4, 1929, and became known worldwide on black tuesday. -
the duration of the great depression
it affected almost every country in the world, and it was marked by steep declines in industrial production/in prices, mass unemployment, banking panics, and increases in rates of poverty/ homelessness. -
how the great depression happened
the great depression started after the stock market crashed in october of 1929, which sent wall street into a panic and wiped out millions of investors. over the next couple of years, consumer spending and investment dropped, causing major declines in industrial output and employment as most companieshad to lay off workers. -
dust bowl
the dust bowl was a time of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the american and canadian fields. severe drought and a failure to apply dryland farming methods to prevent the aeolian processes caused the dust bowl. -
dust bowl
the economic depression coupled with extended drought, unusually high temperatures, poor agricultural practices and the resulting wind erosion all contributed to making the dust bowl. the sprout of the dust bowl had been sowed during the early 1920s -
national parole board
congress created the national parole board and amends the probation act to give officers the responsibility to supervise federal parolees. -
where the dust bowl happened
the western third of kansas, southeastern colorado, the oklahoma panhandle, the northern two-thirds of the texas Panhandle, and northeastern new mexico. -
black blizzards
ther were major drought in the midwestern and southern plains, and as the crops died, the “black blizzards” began. dust from the over-plowed lands began to blow. -
end of probation
the 21st amendment was ratified, and it repealed the 18th Amendment of January 16, 1919, ending the increasingly unpopular nationwide prohibition of alcohol. -
scholarly journa
the first issue of the scholary journal, the "federal probation" is published. -
end of the drought
rain finally came in the fall bringing an end to the drought. over the next few years the depression ends and the fields grow wheat again. -
the end of the depression
mobilizing the economy for world war finally cured the depression. millions of people joined the armed forces, and more went to work in well-paying defense jobs. WWll still continues to influence us today. -
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civil rights movement
the civil rights movement was a political campaign from 1954 to 1968 to end institutional racial segregation, discrimination, and disenfranchisement throughout the U.S. -
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vietnam war
the vietnam war was in vietnam, laos, and cambodia from november 1955 to april 1975. it was the second of the indochina wars and was "officially" fought between North vietnam and south vietnam -
women rights
the womens rights movement was a social movement in the 60s and 70s that fought for equal rights, oppurtunities, and freedoms for women. -
cuban missile crisis
the cuban missile crisis was a 35 day confrontion between the U.S. and the soviet union that esculated. -
the judicial conference
the judicial conference of the U.S. formed a permanent committed called "the committee on the administration of the probation system" to address probation system. -
the student movement
a student movement at the university of california at berkeley in 1964, where students involved in civil rights activism chafed at the university's sudden attempt to prevent them from organizing politically on campus. -
anti-vietnam war movement
this small antiwar movement grew into an unstoppable force, pressuring american leaders to reconsider its commitment. peace movement leaders opposed the war on moral and economic grounds. in north vietnamese, they argued and fought a patriotic war to rid themselves of foreign aggressors. -
gay rights movement
the gay rights movement was a civil rights movement that advocates equal rights for gay men, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgender persons. it seeks to eliminate sodomy laws barring homosexual acts between consenting adults, and calls for an end to discrimination. -
gay rights movement
the gay rights movement was a civil rights movement that advocates equal rights for gay men, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgender persons. it seeks to eliminate sodomy laws barring homosexual acts between consenting adults, and calls for an end to discrimination. -
25th amendment is ratified
congress approved the 25th Amendment on July 6, 1965. the states completed ratification by February 10, 1967, and the president lyndon johnson certified the amendment on february 23, 1967. -
the voting rights act
the voting rights act was signed into law by president Lyndon b. johnson during the height of the civil rights movement. congress later amended the act five times to expand its protections. -
the enviromental movement
in the 60s and 70s, the environmental movement focused on pollution, and then pressured congress to pass measures to promote cleaner air and water. later in the 70s, the movement addressed environmental threats thats created by the disposal of toxic waste. -
pretrial services act
the president, ronald reagan signed the pretrial services act, which authorizes the expansion of pretrial services to each district court.