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WWII- Systematic Training
During WWII there was an increase in need for trainers as more people were sent off to the war and new people had to fill their roles within the work place. During this time many different approaches to training were presented the biggest being Systematic training, which introduced train the trainer. -
American Society of Training Directors
"The need for leadership in training had become obvious, and so the title of training director became increasingly common in management hierarchies." Because of this need the ASTD was formed. Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria: American Society for Training and Development. https://www.td.org/Education/Programs/ATD-Master-Instructional-Designer -
Science and Human Behavior by B.F. Skinner
B.F. Skinner wrote about behaviorism and created a way to reduce the cost of training and improve its efficiency. According to Estep, T. (2008), "Individualized instruction in essence replaces the teacher with systematic or programmed materials." Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria: American Society for Training and Development. http://schoolworkhelper.net/b-f-skinner-biography-theories-contributions/ -
Bloom's Taxonomy
According to Estep, T. (2008), "Benjamin Bloom presented this classification of learning objectives, which describes cognitive, psychomotor, and affective outcomes." Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria: American Society for Training and Development. https://onlinelearninginsights.wordpress.com/2014/09/14/even-in-education-everything-old-is-new-again/bloom/ -
Measurement, Understanding the Business, and Organizational Development
During the 1960's more and more articles came out expressing the need for management to be a part of training. This was to help lessen the gap between the employee and upper management. In addition during this time Organizational Development came about. http://www.rockford-group.com/organization-development.php -
Preparing Objectives for Programmed Instruction by Robert F. Mager
According to Estep, T. (2008), "This model indicates that objectives should have three components: behavior, condition, and standard." Objectives should be an observable behavior; how the behavior should be completed; and at what level these should be preformed. Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria: American Society for Training and Development. http://www.goodreads.com/author/show/268336.Robert_F_Mager -
Sociotechnical-systems theory
According to Estep, T. (2008), "The theory indicates that the interaction of both social and technical factors support or hinder the successful functioning of an organization." It is believed that the people of the company, the tools they use, and the customers need to work together to be successful. Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria: American Society for Training and Development. http://images.frompo.com/ -
The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species
Adult learning theory was introduced by Malcom Knowles. The term andragogy was created during this time and it was believed that there were five principles that affected adult learners; self- directions, prior experiences, readiness to learn, knowledge that they can use immediately, motivations to learn. http://web.utk.edu/~start6/knowles/malcolm_knowles.html -
Principles of Instructional Design by Robert M. Gagne and Leslie J. Briggs
This book is about nine events of instruction. The nine events were a representation of the theory of cognitivism. According to Estep, T. (2008), "... cognitivism focuses on how information is processed, stored, and retrieved in the mind." Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria: American Society for Training and Development. http://www.betterworldbooks.com/principles-of-instructional-design-id-0030347572.aspx -
Career and Organization Development
Accordinng to Estep, T. (2008), "The first modern attempt to define training and development - Models for Excellence: The Conclusions and Recommendations of the ASTD Training and Development Study - captured this expansion of the role of training (McLagan, 1983)." Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria: American Society for Training and Development. http://performatwork.com/?page_id=26 -
eLearning, Online Learning, and Computer-Based Training
1990's was the era of technology. There were many benefits to using technology rather than having trainers. Learners could learn at their own pace without fear of failure. Could skip parts they already knew. There was a reduce in time the employee had to be off the floor and out of production. https://www.ffeinc.com/Default.aspx?TabID=418 -
The Fifth Discipline by Peter Senge
According to Estep, T. (2008), "A learning organization commits itself to disciplines that will allow it to develop its learning capacity to create its future. Ideas underlying the learning organization are systems thinking, mental models, personal mastery, and shared vision and dialogue." Estep, T. (2008). Section I: Learning in the workplace - chapter 1: The evolution of the training profession. Alexandria: American Society for Training and Development. http://likesuccess.com/1424806 -
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Current World Training
Many different companies take different approaches to training. From WWII to current there are many theories that have been put into practice. Today, many of those theories are still used and effective. Each organization is different and their focus is generally on a theory and practice that benefits the company and produces great results.
