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Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
Magna Carta was the first document in England, it limited the power of the monarchy. -
Jul 29, 1567
James VI - crowned King of Scotland
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King James I Married Queen Anne of Denmark
They had four daughters and three sons. -
Birth of Charles I
He later became king. -
James VI of Scotland became James I of England
James I becomes ruler of England upon the death of Elizabeth Tudor, Queen Elizabeth I, on March 24, 1603. James had important ties to France and other Roman Catholic countries in Europe. He had been king of Scotland for twenty years before he became King of England. In 1625, he died of stomach problems. -
Discovery of Gunpowder Plot
This event was led by the English Catholics. The plan was to blow up the House of Lords. -
Execution of Poeple Involved in the Gunpowder Plot
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Release of James I Bible
The Bible was considered an amazing piece of English literature. -
James Dissolved Parliament
He wanted to rule without Parliament. -
Charles I becomes ruler
He was the son of James I. After his father died, he became the king of England. Charles loved art and fine possessions, causing many people complained about his extravagance. He was very narrow-minded and only asked the Duke of Buckingham for advice. Buckingham led the king into many disasters, including wars with France and Spain. -
Henrietta Married Charles
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Charles I Dissolved Parliament
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Petition of Right
Charles I continued to ask the Parliment for money to support his extravagant lifestyle. The Parliment would only agree to grant him money if he ceased his illegal activities and signed the "Petition of Right". The "Petition of Right" is a major English constitutional document that sets out specific liberties for the citizens. -
Assassination of Buckingham
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Period: to
Short Parliment
Charles I dissolved the Parliament within three weeks, because he found little support from the Parliament and his money problem could still not be resolved. -
The Scots defeat the English army at the battle of Newburn
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The Treaty of Ripon ends the Bishops' Wars.
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Long Parliament
Charles called a new parliament which was called the Long Psrliament, established on Nov 3, 1640. However, the new Parliament was even more unfriendly to Charles. They demanded that both Strafford and Laud to be removed from power and executed. -
The Earl of Strafford impeached by Parliament.
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Declaration that Ship Money is Illegal
7th Dec, 1640 -
Impeachment of Archbishop Laud
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Triennial Act Passed
This act was to garantee that the Parliament will be called at least once every three years. -
Open Trial of the Earl of Strafford
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Execution of the Earl of Strafford
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Parliament Abolished the Courts of Star Chamber
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Parliament voted in favor of Grand Remonstrance
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The Grand Remonstrance presented to King Charles at Hampton Court
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Riots at Westminster against bishops and papists
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King Charles failed to arrest five memebers of the Parliament
The king failed to arrest five oppenents from the Parliament. -
Royal Family left London
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King refused to surrender control of the militia to Parliament
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Parliament passes the Militia Ordinance
The Parliament passes the Militia Ordinace, although the King disagrees. -
Charles setted up his court at York
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Nineteen Prepositions passed by Parliament
At this point, the king is required the to give up control of the militia and the right to appoint ministers. -
Charles rejected the Nineteen Propositions
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First Military Action of Civil War
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Start of the English Civil War
Charles simply hoped for a quick victory, but the war lasted for seven years. The supporters of Charles were called the "Royalists" or "Cavaliers". The oppenent of Charles, were called the "Roundheads", because they cut their hair short and many Cavaliers wore long curls. -
King's army withdrew to Oxford
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Execution of Archbishop Laud
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Rump Parliament
The Rump Parliament is the English Parliament after the Long Parliament. -
The Execution of Charles I
He was sentenced to die as a "Tyrant, Traitor, Murderer, and public enemy to the good people of the Nation". -
Rump Parliament Dismissed
Cromwell lost patience with the Rump Parliament and dismissed it by force. He divided the country into districts and ruled through major generals, each responsible for taxes and law in thier district. Some of the laws forbidded Christmas, dancing, gambling and sports. Althought the dictatorship of Cromwell was not popular, he was too strong to be resisted. -
The Restoration of Charles II
After the death of Cromwell, the commander of the army recalled the Long Parliament and ordered the old parliament to dissolve itself for a new one. The new parliament wanted to restore the monarchy and invited Charles II to be the King of England. -
Charles II become King of England
After the execution of his father, Charles I, Charles II actomactically becomes the King fo England. -
Death of Charles II
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Period: to
The Glorious Revolution
The death of Charles II created a problem for parliament, because his successor, James II, was openly Catholic. In 1678, Titus Oates caused England into gear panic by fabricating a Catholic plot to take over the nation. Nonetheless, James claimed that he believed in the Divine Right of Kings and desired to take power away from the parliament. Rebellions soon broke out and he insituted a reign of terror. -
Mary and William of Orange become Queen and King
The parliament invited Mary and William of Orange to become the Queen and King of England. They agreed to do so, causing James himself to give up his throne. For the first time, the monarch is chosen by parliament by hereditary right. -
English Bill of Rights of 1689
Parliament requires William of Orange and Mary to sign the Bill of Rights. This document limits the power of monarchy. -
Seed Drill invented
Seed Drill was invented by Jethro Tull. This creation allowed farmers to cultivate land more efficiently. -
Steam Engine Invented
Thomas Newcomen invented the first steam engine, which was used to pump water out of the mines. Steam power helped to begin the Industrial Revolution -
The Iron and Coal Industries
Abraham Darby incented a process for making better cast iron, which caused the iron and coal industries to grwo rapidly. -
Birth of King Louis XVI
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Seven Years' War Ends
French and British involvement in the war ends with Treaty of Paris. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris, was signed by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, after Britain's victory over France and Spain during the Seven Years' War.
Some important content:
1. Great Britain recognized the U.S.A as free and independent.
2. America and Great Britain would pay each other's respective pre-war debts. -
Royal Proclamation of 1763
Cut off land speculation to West of Appalachian Mountains (colonists could not move to Oho valley, natives were happy because colonists could not move into their land.) -
The Sugar Act
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James Hargreaves built the Spinning Jenny
The Spinning Jenny was an extremely useful device created by James Hargreaves. The device is driven by a handcranked wheel, which allowsed a spinner to spin off a number od threads at the same time. This means one spinner could do teh work of serveal spinners. -
The Currency Act
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The Stamp Act
Happened two years after the Seven Years War (Britain deep in debt). Made Americans pay a small tax on many goods and most government services, the money was to cover cost of defending American colonies. Many colonists were angry because they had no representation in British parliament and were being taxed without their consent. -
The Quartering Act of 1765
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Period: to
The Stamp Act Congress
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The Declaratory Act
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The Boston Massacre
The Massacre began when citizens started attacking a British sentinel by throwing snowballs, stones and oyster shells. The Private Montgomery was struck onto the ground, recovered, and fired his musket. He admitted he yelled, “ Damn you fire”. The soldiers fired into the crowd. -
The Agricultral Revolution
British began to discover strip-farming methods. Jethro Tull realized that by growing four crops in rotation(turnips in the first year,barley in the second year ,grasses in the thrid year and wheatin teh forth year) can produce four times as much crop as the land use to produce. -
The Tea Act
The Tea Act was designed to help the British. The East India company were in finical problems and they endeavoured to undercut the price of tea smuggled into the colonies. It actually reduced the price of tea. -
The Boston Tea Party
The Boston Tea Party happened because the British were asking the colonies for high taxes, so the colonists rebelled and dumped the tea from the tea ships into the British Harbor. The main reason for the Boston Tea Party was in response to the Tea Act of 1773 and it was lead by Samuel Adams. The British made the Intolerable Act as a consequence to the Tea Party. -
Louis XVI Becomes King
Louis XVI takes the throne of France at the age of 19. -
Boston Port Act
This is one of the "Intolerabal Acts". The Boston port was colosed until East India Company was repaid for destroyed tea (Boston Tea Party) -
Administration of Justice Act
This is one of the "Intolerable Acts".
• Allowed governor to move trails of accused royal officials to another colony or Britain if thought they would get unfair trail in Massachusetts• Although act stipulated witnesses would be paid for travel expenses but few colonists could afford to leave their work -
Massachusetts Government Act
This is one of the "Intolerable Acts".
• Provoked even more outrage than the Boston Port Act, made government of Massachusetts under control of British government • Almost all positions in colonial government were appointed by the government or the king• Limited activities of town meeting to once a year, unless Governor calls for one (other colonies feared their government could now also be changed by the legislative, ruling of Parliament) -
Quartering Act of 1774
This is one of the "Intolerable Acts".
• Applied to every colony• In previous act, colonies had been required to provide housing for soldiers but colonial legislatures had been uncooperative in doing so• New Quartering Act allowed a governor to house soldiers in other buildings if suitable quarters were not provided -
Quebec Act
This is one of the "Intolerable Acts".
• Made Quebec a British colony • Made Quebec larger• Prevented the Americans westward expansion• Recognized importance of Catholic Church and introduced English criminal law • Contained secret instructions to suppress Catholic Church -
The First Continental Congress
The First Continental Congress was in response to the intolerable acts. Delegates from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia and urged resigns of Boston to ignore the intolerable acts. -
Period: to
The First Continental Congress
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Battle of Lexington and Concord
The British were sent to collect the weapons that the colonists were hiding. Luckily, the night before the British arrived, Paul Revere warned the colonists and they had time to relocate their weapons. Many small militias grabbed theirs guns and prepared for the fight. -
The Second Continental Congress
The second Continental Congress took place in Philadelphia. John Adams suggested that they create a “Continental Army” with troops from every colony. -
The Industrial Revolution happened in Britain
The ways of growing food, manufacturing and transportation goods completely changed in the Great Britain. -
George Washington named Commander in Chief
George Washington was also the first president of the United States. -
Battle of Bunker Hill
The Battle of Bunker hill took place at Breed’s Hill 1,200 colonial troops stealthily occupied Bunker Hill. As the British drew closer, the colonists waited until they were close enough to fire. The British finally reached the top of the hill after the third attack. Although it was a victorious battle for the British, they still suffered great lost of soldiers. -
Battle of Quebec
The Continental Congress and Washington decided to take over Quebec to gain forces from the French-Canadians there. Since the city was being protected by British army, they planned on attacking from different points. However, the British had a decisive victory at the end. -
The Virginia Declaration of Rights
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The First Virginia Constitution
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Declaration of Independence Issued
The Continental Congress created a committee to write the Declaration of Independence. The youngest man in the group, Thomas Jefferson was in charged of drafting the document. He argued that everyone was born to be equal and that everyone should have the same rights. -
The Declaration of Independence is read publicly
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The British occupy New York City
After the Battle of New York, the British drove out teh rest of the Americans. -
The Hessians capture Fort Washington, NY
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George Washington's crossing of the Delaware River
On the night of Christmas, Washington and his army crossed the Delaware River and marched on to Trenton. The drunk Hessians were taken by complete surprise. Washington did not lose a single man and he brought back 868 prisoners and 300 British troops. -
Washington victorious at Princeton
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British Occupy Philadelphia
The British decided to invade and occupy Philadelphia. Commander Admiral Lord Richard Howe led the force from waters and General Sir William Howe invaded by ground forces. -
Battle of Saratoga
When Burgoyne’s army reached Saratoga on the Hudson River, they witnessed militia that had significantly outnumbered the small British army. However, Burgoyne still ordered an attack, but he still surrendered at the end. This war gave the colonists confidence. -
France becomes ally with the Americans
Benjamin Franklin successfully convinced the French to support the Americans. The government of France sent money, weapons and soldiers to the Continental army. -
Steam Engine is created
James Watt, a Scottish machine-maker created steam engines. Ever since, most industreis closed sources of running water and replaced it with steam engines, which were much efficient and practical. -
Battle of Yorktown
The French soldiers helped the Americans to fight against the British in Virginia. Americans attacked British by land, while the French attacked by sea. The British had no reinforcements, so the war ended with a decisive victory for the Americans. -
The United States and Great Britain sign the Treaty of Paris
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U.S. Constitution Signed
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American Constitution
The American Constitution was inspired by Locke and Montesquieu. It created a federal republic headed by an elected resident and stated the powers and limitations of government. Also, the government was separated into three braches: Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. -
Tennis Court Oath
The National Assembly, which is a new government formed by the Third estate people, meet at the Royal Tennis Courts, and took the Tennis Court Oath. They promised to continue meeting until France had a new form of government. Louis ordered the other two estates to join the National Assembly. -
Fall of Bastille
The crowd broke into the royal prison known as 'the Bastille' to acquire weapons. -
Abolishment of All Feudal Rights and Privileges
The National Assembly met in Versailles and abolished all feudal rights and privileges and ended serfdom. -
March to Versailles
Although many of these women might not even know how to spell their names, they were motivated to become fighters of the French Revolution. The price of food started to rise and the women were unhappy about the luxurious life that the King and Queen were enjoying while the citizens were starving, so they headed to Versailles. The women were angry and they planned on forcing the King and Queen to live in Paris under the watch of many soldiers. -
Civil Constitution of the Clergy
A new constitution established by the National Assembly in which most of the old system and noble titles were swept away. Everyone was given the title 'citizen'. It reduced the power of the Roman Catholic Church and allowed the French Government to hold power over it.
Source(s):The government seized control of the Church and its property. -
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen is a document passed by the National Assembly in Paris. The document setted out basic human rights that the government cannot overlook. It contains ideas taken from English philosopher John Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, and Rousseau. -
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Flight to Varennes
The King, Queen and their children were dressed as bourgeois and attapted to escape from the country. They were recognized at Varennes, and sent back to Paris. -
Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights was added into the American Consitution.
1.Freedom of expression: religion/worship, speech and press. 2.Rights to bear arms and right to form its own military 3.No soldiers in homes 4.No search without probable cause, words are needed 5.Double jeopardy 6.Rights to fair and public trial 7.Civil suits can have a jury 8.No unusual punishment, no excessive bail 9.There may be other freedoms 10.Power not held by government is power of the people -
Consitutional Act
• Lower Canada later =province of Quebec • Upper Canada later= province of Ontario • One seventh of all upper Canada land became clergy reserves and support Anglican church • Loyalists wanted to be governed differently than French- Canadians• Act divided Quebec into 2 new colonies: lower and upper Canada• Lower Canada: French/catholic/ French civil law/ French culture/heartland of old New France• Upper Canada: English speaking/protestant/ British laws and institutions -
The execution of Louis XVI
The King, given the title "Citizen Louis Capet' was guillotined. -
The Death of Marat
Jean-Paul Marat was murdered by Charlotte Corday in his bathtub. -
Period: to
Reign of Terror
During this period, the radical Joacobin had a lot of power. They passed many harsh laws to eliminate anyone who disagreed with their belives. It is estimated that over 37000 people were guillotined during this period of time. -
Marie Antoinette executed
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The Fall of Robespierre
When Robespierre tried to condemn more people, he himself was also condemned. He was guillotined on July,28th 1794. -
Napoleon saved the convention
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Executive Directory takes on executive power
The rule of Robespierre was replaced with the Directory, which was controlled by the middle class. -
Napoleon appointed First Consul
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Death of Toussaint LOuverture
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Civil Code becomes Law of France
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Napoleon Crowns himself Emperor
Napoleon tried to destroy democracy in France. -
Battle of Trafalgar; Battle of Austerlitz
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Prussians Defeated at the Battle of Jena
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The Spanish Campaign Begins
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Defeat in Russia
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Napoleon Abdicated
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Beginning of the Hundred Days
Napoleon's agreement to give up his titles and powers. -
Battle of Waterloo
130000 soidiers were involved is this war. The loss of this war ended the career of Napoleon. -
Napoleon begins exile on Saint Helena
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Stem Engine in Locomotives
In 1829, George and Robert Stephenson built a locomotive, which was also named the "Rocket" that could pull a small train at the speed of 39km per hour.
