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650 BCE
The Etruscans rule Rome
The Etruscans found Rome a city and built it up a city. The Etruscans were later overthrown so the Romans could be a republic. They were overthrown in 509 B.C. They influenced Rome in many ways like the Toga or short cloak, Roads and sewers, and organization of the army. The Etruscans ruled Rome until the late 6th century. -
Period: 264 BCE to 261 BCE
1st Punic War
The word Punic comes from the word Punicus which means Phoenician. The 1st Punic War started when Rome sent an army to take Sicily for the empire. The Carthaginians considered it an act of war because they thought Sicily was their land. The Romans were a land power and they realized they needed to increase their navy if they want to win the war. The Romans won a major naval battle and won Sicily for the empire. -
Period: 218 BCE to 201 BCE
2nd Punic War
The punic war's were also known as the Hannibalic wars. It was fought between Carthage and Rome between 218-201 B.C. The second punic war was fought in Italy and Spain. The Carthage people were led by Hannibal, who was bloodthirsty for Rome. He decided to attack rome instead of waiting for Rome to make a move. -
Period: 149 BCE to 146 BCE
3rd Punic War
The third Punic war was fought 50 years after the second Punic war. Rome won the last battle. After the battle, the Romans completely destroyed Carthage. They burned to city to the streets and took 50,000 inhabitants as slaves. After this war, Rome never had to fight Carthage again. -
60 BCE
The 1st Triumvirate
A triumvirate is a government ruled by 3 people of equal power. The 3 people that were in the first triumvirate were Caesar, Crassus, and Pompey. All 3 of them received power in 3 different parts of the empire. Crassus was killed in battle and the senators voted to make Caesar lay down his rule and let Pompey be the sole ruler of Rome. Caesar started a civil war and defeated Pompey's forces and Caesar became the sole ruler of the Empire of Rome. -
43 BCE
2nd Triumvirate
The second triumvirate was created after Caesars Death. It was made of three men. Octavian, Antony, and Lepidus were all apart of Caesars army or relative. Octavian took the West and Antony took the East. It was too small for the both of them so Antony allied with Cleopatra the VII but they lost so they fled to Egypt then later committed suicide one year later. -
Period: 31 BCE to 14
Age of Augustus
Octavian was technically the first emperor of Rome after he killed Antony. So the senate renamed him Augustus which means "revered one". The Senate was also named him imperator or commander. He established the frontiers of the Roman Empire. He failed to conquer Germany, but he failed. That made him realize his power wasn't limitless. -
40
Gospels begin to be written
The Gospels are the first 4 books of the New Testament they are Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John. The Gospels were the "good news" concerning Jesus. They give the records of Jesus' life and teachings. The Gospels are the core of the New Testament. All of them were named after the person that wrote them. -
80
The Roman Colosseum opens
In 80 AD, Vespasian, son of Titus, opened the colosseum. It was also called Flavian Amphitheater. It held gladiatorial fights, combats, and wild animal fights. When it opened, there was 100 days of games. There was also naval battles held inside the colosseum. -
80
Fall of the Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was split into two empires, the Western Empire and the Eastern Empire. The Huns came from Asia and pushed the Visigoths into Roman territory and the Romans made them their allies. The Visigoths rebelled and the Romans tried to stop them but failed. Because of Rome's failure to stop the Visigoths sacked the city of Rome. In 476, Romulus Augustulus (Emperor of the Western Empire) was deposed by a Germanic head of his army. This event was considered the end of Rome. -
313
Constantine the first christian emperor
Constantine was the first christian emperor to rule Rome. Even though he was the first christian emperor he wasn't baptized until before he died. In the 313 he established the Edict of Milan. The Edict of Milan was a law that proclaimed tolerance to christianity. Later, Theodosius the Great established christianity as the official religion of Rome.
