The French Revolution caused by Enlightenment in many ways, such as that there should be a democracy, separation of powers, this enhanced the world by giving more human rights of speech, equality, religion; . . .
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Thesis
. . . this is similar to how the Haitian Revolution caused by the Enlightenment thinkers. -
John Locke
“According to Locke, all people are born free and equal, with three natural rights—life, liberty, and property” (Black & Back 551). Locke believed that people should have three natural rights, everyone is equal and free, and they can rebel if anyone tries to affect your life, liberty, and property. -
Raynal
“The work contained three main ideas: the invalidity of slavery, the freedom of will, and sympathy towards a violent revolution” (Nicholson, 92). There are three main ideas of Raynal that people thought that it was not a bad idea that slavery should not happen, the ability to choose different courses, and sympathy towards revolution. -
Montesquieu
“In his book, Montesquieu proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual or group from gaining total control of the government” (Black & Back 553). Montesquieu proposed the separation of powers because he thought that to create separate branches of government would be a good idea because if the government have too much power, they can hurt the people who they don’t like. -
Rousseau
“Rousseau believed that the only good government was one that was freely formed by the people and guided by the ‘general will’ of society—a direct democracy” (Black & Back 554). Rousseau believed that the supreme power of government should be people who rule the government. People can rebel. -
Beccaria
“He believed that laws existed to preserve social order, not to avenge crimes. In his celebrated book On Crimes and Punishments (1764), Beccaria railed against common abuses of justice” (Black & Back 554). Beccaria believes that the government should have the right to have laws and give punishments. He believes that laws existed to social order, not for crimes. -
Louis XVI
“The National Constituent Assembly tried to create a monarchical regime in which the legislative and executive powers were shared between the king and an assembly” (Britannica). Due to French Revolution, the democracy began, just like Montesquieu believed that there should be a separation of powers; the National Assembly tried to share power between assembly and the king Louis XVI, which is the beginning of democracy. -
Voltaire
“Although he made powerful enemies, Voltaire never stopped fighting for tolerance, reason, freedom of religious belief, and freedom of speech” (Black & back 553). Voltaire found inspiration in their ideals of a free and liberal society, along with freedom of religion and free commerce. He made a contract of separation of church and state. -
Absolute Monarch
“Beginning in 1789, the French Revolution saw the French people overthrow their absolute monarchy and bring about a republic that was based on the principles of equality, liberty, and fraternity" (historycrunch). Many French people overthrew their monarch to bring life, liberty, and fraternity, just like John Locke said that they need to defend their life, liberty, and property. -
French Citizen Razed
“During this period, French citizens razed and redesigned their country’s political landscape, uprooting centuries-old institutions such as absolute monarchy and the feudal system” (history). The French citizens destroyed, and they redesign their country with the monarch, and they had a labor system. Many citizens were in a big sleep. Many French rebelled because there were labor and king, which Rousseau said that democracy should be a supreme government, which inspired many people to rebel. -
Religious issues
“The decision to nationalize the lands of the Roman Catholic Church in France to pay off the public debt led to a widespread redistribution of property” (Britannica). French Revolution also caused because there was a problem between government and religion; related to Voltaire, there should be freedom of religion. -
Breakdown of Royal Power
“Though enthusiastic about the recent breakdown of royal power, Parisians grew panicked as rumors of an impending military coup began to circulate” (history). The breakdown of royal power resulted in the overthrow of the government by a military, which might mean there is no one to protect the country, these might lead into the rebellion which will destroy everything, so democracy is essential. -
Separation of Powers 1
“Executive power would lie in the hands of a five-member Directory (Directoire) appointed by parliament. Royalists and Jacobins protested the new regime but were swiftly silenced by the army, now led by a young and successful general named Napoleon Bonaparte” (history). Similar to Montesquieu and Voltaire that people should lead a government and there should be a separation of powers; . . . -
Separation of Powers 2
. . . the French Revolution resulted in just the way Enlightenment philosophers wanted the society to be in good condition. -
Works Cited 1
Beck, Roger B. World History: Patterns of Interaction. McDougal Littell, 2005. Nicholson, Rebekah (2006) "The Enlightenment and Its Effects on the Haitian Revolution of 1789-1804," McNair Scholars Journal: Vol. 10: Iss. 1, Article 11. “Causes of the French Revolution.” History Crunch - History Articles, Summaries, Biographies, Resources and More, www.historycrunch.com/causes-of-the-french-revolution.html#/. -
Works Cited 2
Editors, History.com. “French Revolution.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 9 Nov. 2009, www.history.com/topics/france/french-revolutionhttps://www.history.com/topichttps://www.history.com/topics/france/french-revolutions/france/french-revolution. Britannica, The Editors of Encyclopaedia. “French Revolution.” Encyclopædia Britannica, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 15 Feb. 2019, www.britannica.com/event/French-Revolution/The-Directory-and-revolutionary-expansion.
