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Edward Sheldon established Oswego State Normal School
The Oswego State Normal School, organized in 1861 by Edward A. Sheldon (1823–1897), superintendent of schools in Oswego, owed its curriculum and educational philosophy to Pestalozzi -
First Morrill Act
Senator Justin Morrill of Vermont, the "Act Donating public lands to the several States and [Territories] which may provide colleges for the benefit of agriculture and the Mechanic arts" marked the first federal aid to higher education. Established land-grant colleges to promote agricultural and industrial education in every state. -
Manual Training was introduced
Manual training introduced to high schools, Philadelphia -
St. Louis Manual Training School
CTE Education begins in Post-Civil War America, with the opening of the St. Louis Manual Training School in 1879 under the umbrella of Washington University -
Calvin Milton Woodward
He believed that the traditional school model struggled to address the country’s need for skilled labor at a time of rapid industrialization. Woodward and his team sought to open a school that addressed both, educating students with both “books and tools" merging academic and technical education. -
Industrial Education Association
Industrial Education Association formed in New York City -
Henry Barnard
Henry Barnard (1811–1900) is credited with popularizing Pestalozzi’s method in the United States
By 1891, similar schools had developed in Massachusetts, New Jersey, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, Maryland, Texas, and California (Report of the Commission, 1893). -
Hatch Act (William H. Hatch)
William H. Hatch authored the Hatch Act of 1887...something that is 132 years old, but still relevant today.The Hatch Act provided federal funds for support of agricultural experiment stations. -
Booker T. Washington
He proposed an idea of “industrial education”, in which blacks were to go to school and learn a trade. He believed in this way blacks would prove themselves valuable to the community and eventually grow into an equal member. -
State Aid provided for Industrial Education
Massachusetts Commission on Industrial Education reports, state aid given for industrial education courses.National Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education formed in New York City. -
Cooperative Education &Formal Vocational guidance began
Beginning of cooperative education with formation of cooperative schools. Beginning of formalized vocational guidance (Frank Parsons and Jim Brewer), Vocational Bureau and Breadwinners Institute opened in Boston. He then founded the Vocational Guidance Bureau by offering organized vocational guidance and counseling services to young adults. Parson's initiative was the first systematic process for providing vocational guidance and counseling. -
Increased legislation for Vocational Education
NSPIE promotes state and national legislation for vocational education. -
Smith-Lever Act
Established the Cooperative Extension Service to disseminate information developed at land-grant universities. Nationalized 4-H clubs through Cooperative Extension to connect public education and rural life through hands-on learning. -
Vocational Education receives policies and Funding
First federal publication of policies for Vocational Education.The first federal law providing funding for vocational education was passed in even before education was compulsory in every station -
The Smith-Hughes Act
Two men from Georgia U.S. Sen. Hoke Smith and Rep. Dudley Hughes and others worked together to put a bill before Congress to federally fund and nationally organize vocational education.The Smith-Hughes Act (P.L. 64-347) was the first vocational education act for high schools. It provided federal money for training in agriculture, home economics, trades, industry, and teacher training. -
Smith-Sears Act
The Smith-Sears Act (P.L. 65-178) provided federal funds for establishing retraining programs for World War I veterans. Commission on Reorganization of Secondary Education issues its famous “Cardinal Principles of Secondary Education”: health, command of fundamental processes, worthy home membership, development of a vocation, civic education, worthy use of leisure time, and ethical character -
The Smith-Bankhead Act
The Smith-Bankhead Act (P.L. 66-236) authorized grants for vocational rehabilitation programs. -
The Vocational Rehabilitation Act
The Vocational Rehabilitation Act. (P.L. 66-236) provided training for handicapped persons. -
F. Gordon Bonser
Gordon Bonser advocated the inclusion of industrial arts into the elementary school with a study of manufacturing industries as the curriculum base, with the goal of developing an understanding of the functioning of our industrial society. Industrial arts was to be a general education subject desirable for all to take. -
Association for Career and Technical Education
The Association for Career and Technical Education was founded. Calvin Coolidge was president and 10 years after the federal government began funding “vocational education” through the Smith-Hughes Act. -
American Vocational Association
The American Vocational Association was formed out of the merger of the National Society for Vocational Education (formerly NSPIE) and the Vocational Association of the Middle West.Vocational enrollment exceeded 850,000; states received $7.2 million for programs. -
The George-Reed Act
The George-Reed Act (P.L. 70-702) expanded vocational education in agriculture and home economics. -
Theodore Roosevelt
President Roosevelt transferred the function of the Federal Board for Vocational Education to the Office of U.S. Education -
The George-Ellzey Act
The George-Ellzey Act (P.L. 73-245) increased supplemental funding for agriculture, home economics, and trade and industrial education programs authorized by the Smith-Hughes Act of 1917 -
The Social Security Act
The Social Security Act (P.L. 74-271) provided vocational training for handicapped persons. -
The George-Deen Act
The George-Deen Act (P.L. 74-673) authorized an annual allotment of $12 million for agriculture, home economics, and trade and industrial education. Marketing occupations were recognized for the first time, and $1.2 million was authorized for them annually. -
Vocational Education for National Defense Acts
A series of ten Vocational Education for National Defense Acts (P.L. 78-156, P.L. 78-248, P.L. 78-338) were passed as war emergency measures to provide for vocational education programs to prepare war industry workers -
GI Bill
The Serviceman’s Readjustment Act (“GI Bill”) (P.L. 78-346) provided vocational education opportunities for veterans. -
The George-Barden Act
The George-Barden Act (P.L. 79-586) authorized an appropriation of $28.5 million annually for the further development of vocational education. It is also known as the Vocational Education Act. It replaced the George-Deen Act of 1936. -
The Health Amendments Act
The Health Amendments Act (P.L. 84-911) added practical nursing and health occupation programs to the list of vocational programs eligible to receive federal funds. Federal vocational education programs extended to Guam (P.L. 84-896).The George-Barden Act Fishing Amendment (P.L. 84-911) provided vocational education training in fishing trades, industry, and distributive occupations -
The National Defense Education Act (NDEA)
The National Defense Education Act (NDEA) (P.L. 85-864) provided funds to support technical programs. -
The Area Redevelopment Act (P.L. 82-27)
The Area Redevelopment Act (P.L. 82-27) was an emergency measure born out of a recession, which authorized $4.5 million annually to be used for vocational education until 1965. It recognized the critical need for training due to unemployment and underemployment in economically distressed areas. -
The Manpower Development and Training Act
The Manpower Development and Training Act (MDTA) (P.L. 87-415) authorized funds for training and retraining of unemployed and underemployed adults and made junior colleges eligible to provide this training. -
The Vocational Education Act
The Vocational Education Act (P.L. 88-210) for the first time man-dated that vocational education meet the needs of individual students, not just the employment needs of industry. Its major purposes were to maintain, extend, and improve existing programs of vocational education and to provide part-time employment for young people who needed the earnings from such employment to continue their schooling on a full-time basis. -
The Vocational Amendments
The Vocational Amendments (P.L. 90-576) broadened the definition of vocational education to bring it closer to general education and provided vast sums of money to address the nation’s social and economic problems. The act established a National Advisory Commit-tee, expanded vocational education services to meet the needs of disadvantaged students, and established methods of collecting and disseminating information about vocational education. -
Women’s Educational Equality Act
Women’s Educational Equality Act of 1974, which was designed to assist states in bringing about educational equity for women. Other important provisions of these amendments included support for career education, establishment of the National Center for Educational Statistics, and research into the problems of providing bilingual education -
The Educational Amendments
The Educational Amendments (P.L. 94-482) act required the development of programs to eliminate sex discrimination and sex stereo-typing. It also required the development of a national vocational education data-reporting and accounting system and required states to develop an evaluation system -
The Career Education Act
The Career Education Act established comprehensive career development concepts, which viewed the individual as progressing through dimensions that begin with career awareness early on, add employability skills, and end with educational awareness. -
Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act
Born in 1915, Carl Dewey Perkins was a member of the US House of Representatives from the state of Kentucky serving from 1949 until his death in 1984.
The Carl D. Perkins Vocational Education Act (P.L. 98-524) amended the Vocational Education Act of 1963 and replaced the amendments of 1968 and 1976. It changed the emphasis of federal funding in vocational education from primarily expansion to program improvement and at-risk populations. -
Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act
The Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Applied Technology Education Act (P.L. 101-392) amended and extended the previous 1984 Perkins Act. The intent of this act was to assist states and local school systems in teaching the skills and competencies necessary to work in a technologically advanced society. -
The Job Training Reform Amendments
The Job Training Reform Amendments (P.L. 101-367) revised the JTPA of 1982 to change the focus of manpower programs toward improving services to those facing serious barriers to employment. One of the new provisions of special interest to vocational educators was the requirement for on-the-job training contracts and the development of individual service strategies (ISSs) -
School-to-Work Opportunities Act
The School-to-Work Opportunities Act (STWOA) (P.L. 101-239) provided a framework to build a high-quality, skilled workforce for our nation’s economy through partnerships between educators and employers. -
The Goals 2000: Educate America Act
The Goals 2000: Educate America Act (P.L. 103-227) was a blue-print for improving America’s schools through the establishment of eight national goals and the development of voluntary academic and skill standards to assist state and local agencies in helping every child meet criteria to ensure that youngsters are learning what they need to learn in order to function and become a worker. The act identified elements that constitute a suggested framework for developing a local Goals 2000 Plan. -
The Workforce Investment Act
The Workforce Investment Act (P.L. 105-220) replaced the Job Training Partnership Act and provided the framework for a unique national workforce preparation system designed to meet the needs of both the nation’s businesses and job seekers, and those who wanted to further their careers. -
Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act
The Carl D. Perkins Vocational and Technical Education Act (P.L. 105-332) consisted of two major focus areas. The first area was to increase accountability and provide states with more flexibility to use funds. The second area emphasized the use of technology in vocational-technical education and made a commitment to professional development. A separate authorization and funding stream for Tech Prep was provided in the law, in a manner similar to the previous Perkins Act. -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (P.L. 108-446) The Association for Career and Technical Education identified four key areas in IDEA that are of particular importance to career and technical educators: a greater focus on the importance of comprehensive transition planning, authorization of more funding, cutting the paperwork burden for teachers, and a compromise on discipline provisions. -
Perkins IV
The Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Improvement Act (also known as Perkins IV) (P.L. 109-270) included three top priorities: using the term career and technical education instead of vocational education, maintaining the Tech Prep program as a separate federal funding stream within the legislation, and maintaining state administrative funding at 5 percent of a state’s allocation. -
The America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010
The America COMPETES Reauthorization Act of 2010 (P.L. 111-358) was signed into law on January 4 by President Barack Obama. The new law responded to concerns about US competitiveness by, among other things, increasing funding for research and development in the physical sciences and engineering and by authorizing certain federal science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education programs. -
The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act
The Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act (P.L. 113-128) was signed into law on July 22, 2014, by President Barack Obama. It was designed to help job seekers access employment, education, training, and support services to succeed in the labor market and to match employers with the skilled workers they needed to compete in the global market. -
The Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act
The Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act (P.L. 115-224) was signed into law on July 31, 2018, by President Donald J. Trump. This bill reauthorized the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (Perkins IV) and is referred to as Perkins V. -
Perkins V
The Strengthening Career and Technical Education for the 21st Century Act (P.L. 115-224) was signed into law on July 31, 2018, by President Donald J. Trump. This bill reauthorized the Carl D. Perkins Career and Technical Education Act of 2006 (Perkins IV) and is referred to as Perkins V.
