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1963 BCE
I have a dream speech pt 2
The impact this had on the civil rights movement was it brought more publicity to civil rights, it also emphasised non-violent protests as he said to fight hate with love and he also provided leadership to African American civil rights leaders. -
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The passing of Jim Crow laws
Jim Crow laws, in U.S. history, statutes enacted by Southern states and municipalities, beginning in the 1880s, that legalised segregation between blacks and whites. The name is believed to be derived from a character in a popular minstrel song. -
Day of Mourning and Protest (Part 2)
In the picture below there are people standing with a sign saying “Aborigines Conference, Day of mourning, Aborigines Only” they’re presumably standing out side of the Australian Hall, Sydney. -
Day of Mourning and Protest (Part 1)
Australia Day is considered a day of mourning and protest for the aboriginal people because that was the day that their people lost their culture to the white people invading their land. On this day they were making a protest against the “callous treatment of our people by the white men during the past 150 years” the aboriginals were aiming to get full citizen status and equality within the community. -
Brown vs Board of Education (Part 1)
On May 17, 1954, the Court unanimously ruled that "separate but equal" public schools for blacks and whites were unconstitutional. The Brown case served as a catalyst for the modern civil rights movement, inspiring education reform everywhere and forming the legal means of challenging segregation in all areas of society. -
Brown vs Board of Education (Part 2)
After Brown, the nation made great strides toward opening the doors of education to all students. With court orders and active enforcement of federal civil rights laws, progress toward integrated schools continued through the late 1980s. -
Rosa Parks and The Montgomery Bus Boycott
On December the first 1955, Alabama woman, Rosa Park, refuses to vacate her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus. By law, she had to sit at the segregated "black section" of the bus, but refused to give her "white" seat to a man when asked. She was later arrested, jailed and fined. Four days later, this sparked the first large scale black protest against white segregation in America. It was lead by Pastor Martin Luther King Jr. Prior to this Rosa worked as a secretary for NAACP, -
Rosa Parks and The Montgomery Bus Boycott (continued P2)
Martin Luther King became the leader of a national protest. After a over a year of boycotting bus stations, segregation laws were abolished. Although the black community won, KKK members attacked black commuters at African American bus stops and during trips. This is important as it thrust Martin Luther King into the spotlight and allowed his to preach his cause right up until his assassination. -
Rosa Parks and The Montgomery Bus Boycott (continued P3)
Without Rosa refusing to stand, King may never have been given the opportunity to have his voice heard by so many, and never have had the influence which lead to de-segregation laws, and an advancement in american society between black and whites. -
Rosa Parks and The Montgomery Bus Boycott (continued P1)
and was bailed out of jail by one of it's leaders (E.D. Nixon) who later urged Rosa to create a legal challenge to segregation in Alabama. During the case, a boycott of the bus system was carried out by Montgomery residents who made up around 75% of bus goers. Black ministers alerted residents of the protest during church on the 4th. The protest evolved to demand demanded respect for black commuters, hiring of black drivers, and a first-come, first-seated policy to allow fair treatment of blacks -
Little Rock High School
September 4 Little rock high school was a all white high school until nine black students attended, this was a key event in the American Civil Rights Movement. The nine teenagers broke the racial barriers through the guidance of a young cival rights pioneer Daisy Bates. The impact this had on the civil rights moventment was fairly large as it was a rare occasion for African-Americans to go to an all white school especially -
Federal Council for Aboriginal Advancement Petition
In 1962 the Federal Council for Aboriginal Advancement (FCAA) Annual Conference decided to run a national petition campaign. The aim was to collect a quarter of a million signatures from all states. -
Federal Council for Aboriginal Advancement Petition (part 2)
The core Melbourne executive of Gordon Bryant, Stan Davey and Doug Nicholls worked on a carefully worded draft which was sent to delegates in other states for refinement. The wording of this petition was different from that of earlier petitions. It referred to 'discriminations' which gave 'support to other laws and regulations which deprive Aborigines of equal wages and employment opportunities and deny them the right to own and develop their remaining tribal lands' -
America's Most Influential Civil Rights Event: The Freedom Rides
The American freedom rides were hugely influential in Australia, as without them there would have been no copy-cat event played out by activist group SAFA. Without SAFA's Australian freedom ride protest marginal indigenous communities would not have benefited from the SAFA protests; also, without the national attention that SAFA gained it would be reasonable to assume that the '67 referendum would have been less popular. -
"Who Har?"
This so called "who-har" involved national radio and television broadcasts, which brought the issue of indigenous inequality to the forefront of national attention. -
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American Freedom Rides (Continued)
after which the federal government evacuated the activists. Over the next few months’ hundreds of CORE volunteers drove to South of America where they faced further KKK attacks, and for many serious jail time. The protests finally ended in December when federal pressure forced state governments to implement regulations to end segregation on public transport. -
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American Freedom Rides
In 1960 the US high court deemed black/white segregation on buses and trains “unconstitutional”. This however did not deter southern states from continuing to separate blacks and whites on “public” transport. Step in activist group C.O.R.E who send 13 black and white men and women on two buses to test how these laws were been upheld in America’s South. In May the two buses reached Alabama where these were attacked by the KKK, and again when they reached Birmingham, -
electoral act amendment
This is another source in the favour of Aboriginals to vote, it also provided certain offences to that. In the document it lists various amendments to the rules in relation to Compulsory element with voting, bribery and undue influence. The electoral was in 21st may 1962 to 19th June 1962. Overall this would have changed the perspective of aboriginals as they were seeing people cared. -
I have a dream speech pt 1
Martin Luther King I have a dream speech: Martin Luther Kings I have a dream speech is regarded as one of the greatest speeches ever. King stood up for the rights of African-Americans and decided someone needed to put an end to racism and discrimination. He felt as if young blacks were being stopped as they were locked by the chains of discrimination. -
Passing of Civil Rights act pt.1
The Passing of the civil rights acts ended the segregation in public places was banned and employment discrimination because of race, sex, religion, colour. It was first proposed by John F. Kennedy and was continued through even after he left office. -
Passing of civil rights pt.2
The impact this would have had on the civil rights movement would have been huge as the acts are the basis of the movement. This also would have helped the African-Americans as this now allowed them to get jobs. -
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Tour of the Students Actions For Aboriginals
From the twelfth of February to the sixteenth of February 1965, SAFA, a group of young Sydney University students, traveled around some of New South Wales most racists towns and societies trying to replicate the work of the "Freedom Riders" in the US. They protested to allow indigenous children into public swimming pools, war veterans access to RSL memberships and families to live in clean, safe houses. Many of their protests were filmed and shown to the nation -
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SAFA (continued)
. The fact that the racism that existed in SouthAfrica and in the South of the US, also existed in Australia shocked masses of Australians, and forced many people to stop turning a blind eye on the welfare of indigenous Australians. SAFA leader Charles Perkins was interviewed on national television. He and SAFA, confronted the nation with film and recounts which exposed Australian bigots. Their causes helped push for a national referendum two years later. -
Wave Hill Walk-Off
On the 23rd of August 1966 Vincent Lingiari lead around 200 aboriginal stockmen and their families to Wattie creek, and away from Baron Vestey and the Wave Hill station. Although this protest originated from poor working conditions, abysmal pay and blatant disrespect, the protest soon became battle for aboriginal land rights. Wattie creek was seen as sacred site to the aboriginal people, of which the majority were Gurindji. After the indigenous had been protesting for a year, -
Wave Hill Walk-Off (continued)
a sign was made This sign was probably the first time the Gurindji had seen their name written down. The protest lasted a further eight years, until Prime Minster Gough Whitlam offical returned the land to the Gurindji. This strike was a national headline, creating heavy debate in the nation. It was the first time that white Australians really stated to consider who Australians land belonged to. This debate was a key factor that influenced white Australians to vote "yes" on the '67 referendum. -
Constitution Alteration
This constitution alteration was brought in to remove certain phrases and terms that were descriminnary towards aboriginals. People voted hugely in favour of getting rid of the terms about 90.77 percent. The constitution alteration contributed highly to aboriginal culture in the time as people were now no longer able to use hurtful and discriminative words against the native people of the land. -
Assassination of Martin luther king
At 6pm April 4 1968 Martin Luther King was shot and killed on his hotel balcony in Memphis, Tennessee. The murder (James Earl Ray) was arrested in May at London airport, as he tried to make an escape into Europe and later Zimbabwe. Although Ray's true motives are still debated it is widely accepted that the murder was an act of hatred and racism. -
Assassination of Martin Luther King (continued)
The death of MLK, and earlier Malcolm X, was a huge set back for a peaceful solution in America as the social rift between blacks and whites widened, leading to a rise in more radical black activists such as the Black Panthers. After his death was announced hundreds of black people took to the streets with violence to present there anger, while thousands lined the streets at his funeral in Memphis. -
Wattie Creek Becomes Aboriginal Land
On the 16 of August 1975, almost nine years after the original walk off, Gough Whitlam poured soil into the hands of Vincent Lingiari, a symbol that he was "restoring them to you (Lingiari) and your children forever." This was the first time land had been given back to the indigenous. Today countless acres have returned to their rightful owners. This original land claim has not only benefitted the Gurindji, but thousands of indigenous who have reclaimed their land within Australia.
