-
1415
Prince Henry's Caper
Prince Henry's goal was to "capture the main Muslim trading depot [in] Morocco"(22). -
1415
The World's First Racist
Most is "...capturing people wasn't an unusual thing back thing back then. Just a fact" (23). -
Period: 1415 to
History of Racism and Antiracism
-
1450
The Chronicle of the Discovery and Conquest of Guinea
According to Kendi and Reynolds, "Zurara was the first person to write about and defend Black human ownership" (25). -
1526
First Known African Racist
According to "aI-Hasan Ibn Mahammad aI-Wazzan al-Fasi, a well-educated Moroccan who was on a diplomatic journey along the Mediterranean Sea when he was captured and enslaved. He was eventually freed by Pope Leo who converted him to Christianity, rename him Johannes Leo..." (26). -
1577
Curse Theory
According to George Best "...in Northeastern (freezing-cold) Canada were darker than the people living in the hotter South, English travel writer George Best determined..." (29-30) -
Slaves
According to William Perkins argued that "...slave was just a part of a loving family that was ordered a particular way. And that souls were equal, but not the skin. It's like saying, "I look at my dog like i look at my children, even though I've trained my dog to fetch my paper by beating it and yanking its leash." (31). -
Boats
There was "...a Spanish ship called San Juan Bautista hijacked by two pirate ships. The Bautista was carrying 350 Angolans, because Latin American slaveholders had already figure out their own slave-trading system and has enslaved 250,000 people. (36) -
Jamestown's First Slaves
A Latin American ship was seized by pirates and "twenty Angolans [on board were sold to] the governor of Virginia"(36) -
Richard Mather's Arrival
Richard Mather was a Puritan who came to America to practice a "more disciplined and rigid" (32) form of Christianity. -
Married
According to both families both "Richard Mather marries John Cotton's widow, Sarah. Richard Matter's youngest son, Increase Sarah's daughter, Maria, making her his wife and step sister." (46) -
Cotton Mather is Born
According to Cotton Mather's parent, "Increase and Maria have a son. Feb 12, 1663. They name him after both families." (46-47) -
"Voluntary" Slaves
According to Richard Baxter, some "Africans people. He said they were "voluntary slaves," as in Africans who wanted to be slaves so that they could be baptized" (39). -
British Minister
The one person who believed that Africans want to be slaves is, "There was a piece in 1664 by the British minister Richard Baxter called A Christian Director."(38) -
Battle
In Puritans that's in New England got a man that was a war leader, "But eventually a man name Metacomet, a Native American war leader, was killed, which basically ended the battle in 1676." (42-43) -
Creation of White Privileges
In response to Nathaniel Bacon's uprising, local government decided to give "all Whites [...] absolute power to abuse any African person" (45). -
Glorious Resolution
The Glorious Resolution in 1688 "...was not glorious for him. And, feared that the anger that caused the uprising would go from the British elites to the elites right at home -meaning him-he created a new villain as a distraction." (50) -
First Antiracist Writing in the Colonies
The Mennonites were against slavery because they "equat[ed]" (41) discrimination based on skin color to discrimination based on religion. -
Petition
Due to the equality of the skin color that is treated differently they wrote the first Petition, "Germantown Petition Against Slavery-was the first piece of writing that was antiracist (word check!) among European settlers in colonial America." (41) -
The Witch Hunt Begins
There was a illness that got to Parris which made Parris's parents think she was cursed by a witch, "...when Parris's nine year-old daughter suffered convulsions and chokes, he believed she'd been possessed or cursed by a witch. That was all it took. The witch hunt began." (50-51) -
First Great Awakening
In 1730 there was the First Great Awakening that happened when someone was being "...spearheaded by Connecticut man name Jonathan Edwards. Edwards, whose father had study..."(53) -
American Philosophical Society (APS)
Benjamin Franklin created "a club for smart (White) people" (57) to discuss ideas and philosophy. -
The (American) Enlightenment
In the mid-1700's, "new America entered what we now call the Enlightenment Era" (56). -
Phyllis Wheatley's Test
Wheatley "proved herself [as intelligent and] human" (60) by passing a test given by some of the smartest men in the country at the time -
Declaration of Independence
According to Jefferson "...slaves were taking matter into their own hands. They were running away from plantation all over the South by tens of thousands. (71)" -
The Three Fifths Compromise
The number that is counted by "Every five slaves equaled three humans. So, just to do the math, that's like saying if there were fifteen slaves in the room, on paper, they counted as only nine people." (76-77) -
The Haitian Revolution
According to slaves, "In August 1791, close to half a million enslaved Africans in Haiti rose up against French rule. It was a revolt like nothing anyone ever seen." (75) -
(Possibly) North America's Biggest Uprising
There was "Hundreds of captives were suppose to march on Richmond, where they would steal four thousand unguarded muskets, arrest governor, and hold the city until other slaves arrived from surrounding counties to negotiate the end of slavery and establishment of equal rights."(80) -
Jefferson's Slave Trade Act
According to Jefferson, "...he bought about a New Slave Trade Act. The goal was to stop import of people from Africa and the Caribbean into America, and fine illegal slave traders." (82-83) -
The Missouri Compromise
The Missouri Compromise in 1820, "...admit Missouri as a slave state, but they'd admit Main was a free state to make sure there was an equal mount of slave states and free states, so that no region, or way of governing, felt disadvantaged." (89-90) -
Thomas Jefferson's Death
According to Thomas Jefferson, "By the spring of 1826, his health had deteriorated to the point that he couldn't leave home. By summer, he couldn't even leave his bed, so sick he was unable to attend the fiftieth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence." (88) -
Garrison's First Abolition Speech
According to Garrison, "He favored a gradual abolition-a freedom in step-but abolition nonetheless. And that's what he spoke about at the ACS conference, which, let's just say, was a little off brand. Garrison wasn't the only who felt this way (about abolishing slavery, not sneakers) and was unafraid to speak out against colonization." (95-99) -
Nat Turner's Rebellion
According to Nat Turner, "But the idea was challenged by a man who disagreed with no only the idea of gradual equality but also the idea Black people needed White people to save them, or that they-Black people-were part of the problem at all. His name was Nat Turner. He was a slave and a preacher, and just a slave owners before Enlightenment era believed slavery was a holy mission, Turner believed the same was true for freedom." (98) -
AASS Abolitionist Pamphlets
Garrison was the one who "wrote a book that refuted colonizationists and gave birth to a new group called American Anti-Slavery Society (AASS), a group of abolitionists..." (99) -
Free Black people are insane
The Us Census reported that in "1840 said that free Blacks were insane and enslaved Black were sane, and biracial people had a shorter life span than white." (101) -
Samuel Morton's Theories
Samuel Morton said, "Who knew? (The answer is no one. Not even Egyptians.) The propaganda just kept coming. Anything to justify supremacy and slavery." (101-102) -
Frederick Douglass
According to Frederick Douglass, "In June 1845, The Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave was published. It outlined Douglass's life and gave a firsthand account of the horrors of slavery." (103) -
Stowe's Story
According to Harriet Stowe Beecher, "And even though Black men hated the novel because they depicted as weak, Stowe's story was drawing more northerners to the abolitionist movement than the writings and speeches of Garrison and Douglass did in the 1850s." (112) -
Uncle Tom's Cabin
According to Uncle Tom's list it said, "1.Tom,a slave, is sold down the river. 2. He meets a young White girl, Eva. 3. Eva's father buys Tom. 4. Tom and Eva become friends connecting over Christianity. 5...." (105-106) -
Stephen Douglas
According to Stephen Douglass, "Got spanked in the Senate race in 1858 by a man names Stephen Douglas. Douglas was proslavery. Lincoln was flighting on behalf of the abolitionist movement -because you can't win if you don't have an opposing view to debate-and the Free Soilers, the people who believed slavery should not continue to extend west." (110) -
Start of Civil War
In 1861 people found a place "Which means they were starting their own territory, where they could make up their own rules and live their lives as racist as they wanted. Shorty thereafter, the rest of the South joined in on the disjoining." (113-114) -
Slave Act
According to the Slave Act, "But summer of 1862, The slave act has been repealed and a bill passed that declared all Confederate-owned Africans who escaped to Union lines or who resided in territories occupied by the Union to be "forever free of their servitude." (121) -
The Emancipation Proclamation
According to Lincoln, "Lincoln was labeled the Great Emancipator, but really, Black people were emancipating themselves." (106) -
Civil War
According to Lincoln, "And when the Civil War finally ended in April 1856, on the eleventh day of that same month, Lincoln delivered his plans for reconstruction. And in that plan, he said what no president had ever said before him-that Blacks (the intelligent ones) should have the right to vote." (117) -
End of Civil War
Black people was happy that "When he was comfortable with, however, was the way Black people praised him. They'd run up to him in the street, drop to their knees, and kiss his hands." (123) -
40 Acres and a Mule
According to Thaddeus Stevens, "Some people, like Pennsylvania congressman Thaddeus Stevens, even fought for the redistribution of land to award former slaves forty acres to work for themselves." (120) -
William Lloyd
William Lloyd had "...two bad falls in 1866 that physically sidelined him, He chose not to engage in the political struggle against racial discrimination. But he still looked on, watching the racist roadblocks being erected at the every turn, and the political and physical violence working to break the bone of Black liberation." (120,121) -
Historically Black Colleges
According to Andrew Johnson did was "Their own spaces to thrive, like colleges, or as they're now called, Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs). From there came the Black (male) politician. And eventually, on February 3, 1870, the Fifteenth Amendment was made official." (128) -
Freedom
Black codes "That freedom is an actual destination. And that's how Garrison and the American Anti-Slavery Society felt. Like their jobs were done." (123) -
The Fifteenth Amendment
According to Lincoln "... eventually, on February 3,1870, the Fifteenth Amendment was made official. The amendment mad it so that no one could prohibited from voting due to "race, color, or previous condition of servitude." (128-129) -
Black Codes and Jim Crow
According to Andrew Johnson"... he basically reversed a lot of Lincoln's promises, allowing Confederate states to bar Blacks from voting, and making sure their emancipation was upheld only if Black people didn't break laws. Black code-social codes used to stop Black people from living freely-were created. They would quickly evolve into Jim Crow laws, which were laws that legalized racial segregation." (119)
