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Period: Jan 1, 1473 to
Scientific Revolution
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Period: Feb 19, 1473 to May 24, 1543
Lifespan of Nicolas Copernicus
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Sep 1, 1501
Copernicus starts studying in the University of Padua
Copernicus studied medicine at the University of Padua from 1501 to 1503. However, during that time, he gained a greater interest in astronomy and began to believe in Heliocentricism. Source: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/copernicus/ -
Period: Dec 31, 1514 to Oct 15, 1564
Lifespan of Andreas Vesalius
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Jan 1, 1543
De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres)
Copernicus published this book when he was dying because he did not want to be accused of Heresy. It was not a revolutionary work, but it was revolution-making. Source: Western Heritage by Kagan -
Period: Dec 14, 1546 to
Lifespan of Tycho Brahe
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Period: Jan 22, 1561 to
Lifespan of Francis Bacon / Development of Induction and Empiricism
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Period: Feb 15, 1564 to
Lifespan of Galileo Galilei
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Period: Dec 27, 1571 to
Lifespan of Johannes Kepler
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Period: Jan 1, 1572 to Jan 1, 1573
Discovery of the Crab Nebula - Brahe
Tycho Brahe discovered the Crab Nebula when he was attracted by an unusually bright star in Cassiopeia. Source: http://spider.seds.org/spider/Vars/sn1572.html -
Nov 13, 1577
Brahe observes the Great Comet of 1577
Brahe made measurements of the comet's changing positions and since people trusted him, the perfection of te heavens was abandoned. Source: http://galileo.rice.edu/sci/observations/comets.html -
Period: to
Lifespan of René Descartes / Theory of Deduction
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Burning of Giordano Bruno on stake
Bruno was burned at the stake for believing in Copernican theory and being too vocal. The other scientests didn't support him either. Source: http://galileo.rice.edu/chr/bruno.html -
Publication of first two laws of planetary motion
Kepler published the first two laws of planetary motion by analyzing the astronomical observations of Tycho Brahe. The first law states that planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus. The second states that the radius vector of a planet sweeps out equal areas in equal times. His beliefs were very controversial at that time. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion -
Letter to Grand Duchess of Tuscany (Christina)
In this letter, Galileo defended the independence of science from religious authority and related science to the Bible. Source: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/galileo-tuscany.asp -
Publication of the third law of planetary motions
Kepler published the third law much later than the publication of the first and second laws. It relates the distances of the planets from the sun to their orbital periods. Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepler%27s_laws_of_planetary_motion -
Novum Organum
In this book, Bacon describes the Baconian Method and emphisized inductive reasoning. Source: http://www.constitution.org/bacon/nov_org.htm -
On the Movement of the Heart and the Blood
In this book, William Harvey talks about the circulation of blood. He also describes the importance and the characteristics of hearts. Source: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1628harvey-blood.asp -
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems
In this book, Galileo compared the Copernican model to the Ptolemaic model. The Church banned him because of this book. Source: http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/galileo/dialogue.html -
Galileo is banned by the Church
The Church believed that Galileo committed heresy. However, Galileo refused to recant his beliefs and he ended up in house arrest for he rest of his life. Source: Western Heritage by Kagan -
Discourse on the Method
In this book, Descartes declared that people should doubt everything and redo everything yourself. Soure: http://www.literature.org/authors/descartes-rene/reason-discourse/ -
Discources Concerning Two New Sciences
In this book, Galileo covers everything he knew about physics. Since he (and his works) were banned by the church, it had to be published elsewhere. Source: http://galileo.phys.virginia.edu/classes/109N/tns.htm -
Period: to
Lifespan of Isaac Newton
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Discovery of Capillaries
Discovered by Marcello Malpighi. He emphasized the importance of the capillaries and the circulatory system. Source: http://www.nndb.com/people/033/000095745/ -
Jean Picard and Mars
Jean Picard figured the distance between Earth and Mars. source: http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Picard_Jean.html -
Newton's Three Laws of Motion
The laws are three fundamental laws of classical physics. The first states that a body continues to move or stay still unless there's an external force. The second states that f=ma. The third states that if one body exerts a force on another, there is an equal and opposite force exerted by the second body on the first. Source: http://csep10.phys.utk.edu/astr161/lect/history/newton3laws.html -
Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Also called the Principia Mathematica, it is Newton's most famous work. It contains the basic laws of Physics. Source: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/newton-principia/ -
Opticks
Opticks, written by Newton, is mainly about optics and has many experiments and deduction. Source: http://www.library.usyd.edu.au/libraries/rare/modernity/newton.html
