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Jan 1, 1308
"The Divine Comedy"
"The Divine Comedy" is a long poem written by Dante. It is the story of a soul's journey to salvation. It includes three major sections which are Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven. Some people consider it to be one of the greatest literature works in the world. (https://www.britannica.com/topic/The-Divine-Comedy and World History Modern Times page 171) -
Period: Jan 1, 1346 to Jan 1, 1353
The Black Plague
From 1346-1353 the black plague spread across Europe. It was spread around by rats who carried the disease. Over the time of just a few months, it killed 60% of Florence's population. (http://www.historytoday.com/ole-j-benedictow/black-death-greatest-catastrophe-ever) -
Jan 1, 1377
Three Popes
Pope Gregory returned to the papacy in 1377. He died later that year so there was another pope elected in Rome. The third pope was elected later by the church. (Martin Luther and Reformation notes) -
Jan 1, 1400
Polyphony
Polyphony first started in 1400. Polyphony was a new style of music in which melodies were sung by different singers at the same time (or in unison). (http://www.ipl.org/div/mushist/middle/ and https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1a4InlKATY-awv3YCMNvZ51dcxRd8WOLoqJFCynLkeQI/edit#slide=id.p28) -
Jan 1, 1404
"The Book of the City of Ladies"
"The Book of the City of Ladies" was written by Christine de Pizan. She was a Frenchwoman who was known best for her works that defended women. "The Book of the City of Ladies" blamed a lot of male authors who said women are unable to learn. (World History Modern Times page 172) -
Nov 11, 1417
Pope Martin V
On November 11, 1417, Pope Martin V was elected as pope unanimously. His election was held during the Council of Constance. (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Martin-V) -
Jan 1, 1449
Lorenzo de Medici
Lorenzo de Medici was born January 1, 1499. He is known for being a patron of the arts during the Renaissance. He had many paintings from Leonardo da Vinci and Botticelli. (http://www.biography.com/people/lorenzo-de-medici-9386497#synopsis) -
Apr 15, 1452
Leonardo da Vinci
Leonardo da Vinci was born on April 15, 1452. He was a very famous artist during the Renaissance. His best-known paintings are "The Last Supper" and "Mona Lisa". Leonardo was also considered a Renaissance man. He was very smart and artistic and studied many different things. (http://www.biography.com/people/leonardo-da-vinci-40396) -
Jan 1, 1456
Printing Press
The printing press was invented in 1456. It was used for many things including the publishing of the 95 Theses that were written by Martin Luther. (https://www.timetoast.com/timelines/10-inventions-of-the-renaissance and https://docs.google.com/document/d/1f95enR2e5Qa63gqO5-xl2JgVKZ5acxh2G6PyV5lgBkk/edit) -
Mar 6, 1475
Michelangelo
Michelangelo was born March 6, 1475. He was a well known Renaissance artist/painter. He was commissioned to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Lorenzo de Medici later became a patron of Michelangelo's work. (http://www.history.com/topics/michelangelo) -
Jan 1, 1480
Ludovico Sforza
Ludovico Sforza was and Italian Renaissance "administrator" in 1480. He was a patron of the arts for Leonardo da Vinci and Donato Bramante. (http://buffaloah.com/a/virtual/italy/milan/sforza/leo.html) -
Period: Nov 10, 1483 to Feb 18, 1546
Martin Luther
Martin Luther was born in Eisleben, Germany. He also died there. Martin Luther had a HUGE part in the Protestant Reformation. He questioned some of the teachings of the Roman Catholic church. A lot of his followers broke off from the Roman Catholic church and started the Protestant tradition. (http://www.biography.com/people/martin-luther-9389283) -
Jan 1, 1503
Mona Lisa
The Mona Lisa was painted around 1503 by Leonardo da Vinci. It is an oil painting on a wood panel. It is considered to be one of the world's most famous paintings. (https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mona-Lisa-painting) -
Jan 1, 1504
The Engagement of the Virgin Mary
The Engagement of the Virgin Mary is a painting that was painted by the Renaissance artist, Raphael. The painting was finished in 1504. One of the techniques used in the painting is perspective so when you look at it, the first thing you see is the big Italian Renaissance Church. (https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Up0lGBmib8xfvYSsUvbYcHz8EbpQ5zp-SPjEFcCToSg/edit) -
Jan 1, 1511
The Creation of Adam
In 1511 Michelangelo Buonarroti painted The Creation of Adam. It was painted on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. It is considered to be one of the most famous religious painting on the ceiling.
(http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/famous-paintings/creation-of-adam.htm) -
Jan 1, 1513
Pope Leo X
Pope Leo X started his reign in 1513. He is the pope that excommunicated Martin Luther in 1512. He reduced the papal treasury and contributed to the detachment of the Western church. (https://www.britannica.com/biography/Leo-X) -
Oct 31, 1517
95 Theses
The 95 Theses are the foundation of the Protestant Reformation. On October 31, 1517, Martin Luther nailed the 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenburg Castle church. Martin Luther didn't like what the Catholic Church was teaching people so he made a list of 95 things that could be questioned or debated in the Catholic Church. (http://www.history.com/topics/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses) -
Jan 1, 1521
German New Testament
In 1521 Martin Luther started writing the New Testament in German. He did this so people could read the bible for themselves and not have to have people from the church tell them what it says. It was finally published in September 1522. (http://www.greatsite.com/timeline-english-bible-history/martin-luther.html) -
Jan 3, 1521
Martin Luther Excommunicated
In 1520 Pope Leo X gave Martin Luther 120 days to recant from the things he had been teaching. Luther refused to recant so he was excommunicated from the Catholic Church. (http://www.history.com/topics/martin-luther-and-the-95-theses) -
Jan 1, 1537
Choirs in Churches
In 1537 John Calvin went before the city council his articles for the reorganization of the church in Geneva. The second article was "the introduction of psalm singing into public worship". This started choirs singing publicly in churches. (http://byfieldparish.org/?page_id=1692) -
Flush Toilet
The first flushing toilet was invented in 1596 bySir John Harington, the godson of Queen Elizabeth I. To use it you had to have 7.5 gallons of water. If there wasn't a lot of water, 20 people could use it before it needed to be flushed again. (http://www.history.com/news/ask-history/who-invented-the-flush-toilet) -
Sun in the Center
In 1596 Johannes Kepler wrote about how he believed the sun was in the center of the everything. It was called the Copernican syste. (http://www.space.com/15787-johannes-kepler.html) -
Telescope
In 1608 Hans Lippershey invented the telescope. The telescope he invented had a concave eyepiece with a convex objective lens. Many people believe that he got the idea looking at two children holding up two lenses to make a weather vane look bigger. (http://www.space.com/21950-who-invented-the-telescope.html) -
Saturn
In 1610 Galileo Galilei discovered Saturn's rings with a telescope. Since his telescope wasn't perfect he thought the rings were two moons on either side of Saturn but four years later he came to the conclusion that they were like "arms". (https://attic.gsfc.nasa.gov/huygensgcms/Shistory.htm) -
Gravity
In 1666 Sir Isaac Newton created theories of gravity when he was only 23 years old. Twenty years later he came up with the three laws of gravity. (https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/airplane/newton.html)
