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Period: to
Roman Republic
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Period: to
King Louis XVIII of France
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Defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo
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Period: to
King Charles X of France
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Period: to
King Louis Philippe of France
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Giuseppe Mazzini founded Young Italy
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Period: to
King Frederick William IV of Prussia
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Frankfurt Assembler fails to unify Germany
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Period: to
Louis Napoleon as President of the Second French Republic
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Period: to
Louis Napoleon as Napoleon III of the Second French Empire
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Kingdom of Sardinia annexes Lombardy after defeating Austria
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Giuseppe Garibaldi captures Sicily and Naples
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Victor Emmanuel crowned King of Italy
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Period: to
King William (Wilhelm I) of Prussia
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Period: to
Bismarck’s service as prime minister/chancello
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Prussia and Austria capture Schleswig and Holstein from Denmark
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Italy adds Venice
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Prussia defeats Austria in the Seven Weeks War
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Period: to
third French republic
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Period: to
Franco-Prussian War
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Italy adds Rome which completes unification
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Period: to
German Second Reich
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Period: to
Paris Commune
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Period: to
Emperor William (Wilhelm) II of Germany
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Alfred Dreyfus convicted of treason in France