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13th amendment
this is the amendment that abolished slavery. Lincoln did it. -
15th amendment
citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude. means no one can tell them that they cant vote based on there race or anything like that. -
Jim Crow laws
Laws written to separate blacks and whites in public areas/meant African Americans had unequal opportunities in housing, work, education, and government -
Black codes
Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves. -
14th amendment
everyone born in the United States are subject to its laws and cannot be denied any of the rights and priviledges in the Constitution -
Plessy vs. Ferguson
this case was important because its the case that decided "separate but equal" went along with the 14th amendment. -
Affermitive Action
Designing remedies for overcoming racism by taking race into account -
Lynching
this means kill without legal sanction. killing someone with the right athority or primisson or reason. -
Non-violent protest
people came together and marched peacefully to promote integration and equality. if they sat calmly and quietly they were often arrested. an example is when People peacefully sat in seats that were supposed to be for white people, rosa parks did this -
Desegrigation
the action of incorporating a racial or religious group into a community. any schools desegricated their places so all children could come together and go to the same school. -
Sit-Ins
an organized passive protest, especially against racial segregation, in which the demonstrators occupy seats prohibited to the, as in restaurants and other public places. -
Civil Disobediance
a public, nonviolent, conscientious, yet political act, contrary to law, usually done with the aim of bring about change in the law or policies of the government -
Sharecropping
Sharecropping was a system of work for freedmen who were employed in the cotton industry. This system traded a freedmen's labor for the use of a house, land, and sometimes further accommodations.They would usually give half or more of their grown crop to their landlords. -
Thurgood Marshall
He was the judge in the case of Brown V. Board of education. he was appointed judge on the united states court of appeals by president john f kennedy. While working as a lawyer he argued 32 cases before the Supreme Court and won 29 of them. -
Orval Faubus
He was was an American Democratic politician who served as 36th Governor of Arkansas. He was governor in the "Little Rock crisis. He ordered the Arkansas National Guard to prevent African American students from enrolling at Central High School, which was an "all white" high school. -
Rosa Parks
grew up in Alabama. she is most known for her bus boycott. she refused to give up her seat to a white person, but she was not the first colored person to do this. the boycott continued for 381 days. she died on October 24, 2005. -
Hector P. Garcia
a mexican american physician, ww2 veteran, and founder of the American g.i. forum. he helped create equality for mexican by helping mexican veterans file claims with the veteran administration. he purposely chose the name "American G.I. Forum" in order to emphasize the fact the members were american citizens and where entitled to their constitutional rights. -
Lester Maddox
Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia. once he owned a restaurant and refused to serve two colored students
he was apposed to the civil rights movements. -
George wallace
George Wallace was the governor of Alabama.He was a segregationist. he was a big supporter of racial segregation.
he lost to a segregationist candidate that had been endorsed by the KKK. Wallace abandoned his moderate stance on integration and ran for governor again in 1962. he modified his opinion of race issues. He claimed that a lot of what he said had been misunderstood and he apologized for his action. when he ran as govoner in his 4th term, the colored began supporting him. -
Betty Fridan
she was an american feminist, activist and writer. Best known for starting the "Second Wave" of feminism through the writing of her book "The Feminine Mystique" She founded the National Organization for Women -
Cesar Chavez
he was born in Arizona. he ws farm worker, labor leader, and civil-rights activist who helped form the National Farm Workers Association, later the United Farm Workers. He helped to improve conditions for migrant farm workers and unionize them -
Martin Luther King jr.
grew up in Atlanta, he skipped two grades in high school and started collage at age 15.Martin Luther King, Jr. led the Montgomery Bus Boycott. He gave the famous speech "I have a dream"
he was killed on April 4. 1968 in Memphis. While standing on the balcony of his hotel, he was shot by James Earl Ray. -
Stokley Carmicheal
a black civil rights activist in the 1960's. Leader of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee. He did a lot of work with Martin Luther King Jr.but later changed his attitude. Carmichael urged giving up peaceful demonstrations and pursuing black power. he also said,""black power will smash everything Western civilization has created."" -
CORE
a US civil rights organization that played a pivotal role for african americans in the civil rights movement. Founded in chicago in 1942. the group was inspired by Ghandi's step by step procedures for organizing people and mounting a nonviolent campaign. -
Ole Miss Interigation
Air Force veteran who sought to enroll in the all white University of Mississippi known as "Ole Miss", with the support of the NAACP, he won a court case that ordered that university to desegregate -
Brown v Board of Education
this was the court case that decided that white and colored children going to separate schools was un constitutional. brown didn't like it so he took it up with the board of education. if he hadn't done that, maybe the children would still be separate today. -
Emmit Till
he was accused of taliking to a white girl and while he was seeing family members in mississipi he was kidnapped. he was beated. and then he was killed. later on the girl said she made it up -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
it was a political and social protest campaign that started in the 1955 in montgomery alabama. intended to oppose the city's policy of racial segregation on its public transit system. the campaign began with rosa parks arrest in 1955 and ended with Browder V Gayle, the ruling that declared alabama's law requiring segregated buses to be unconstitutional. -
SCLC
An African AMerican civil rights organization founded in 1957 in the after effect of the montgomery bus boycott victory. Its first president was Dr. Martin Luther King jr. The SCLC played a large role in the american civil rights movement. -
Little Rock Nine
they were a group of colored students that enrolled at a fromaly all-white central high school in Little Rock, Arkansas. Many white citizens of Little Rock were angry about the black students integrating into a formally all-white school. -
Freedom Riders
it is a bus trip that goes to parts of the us, people are trying to interiogate places that are reciallly segrigated on hopes to change it. it was a group of multi raced people. the were ambushed and the buss got set fire. -
March on Washington
civil rights leaders organized a massive rally in Washington to urge passage of President Kennedy's civil rights bill. The high point came when MLK Jr., gave his "I Have a Dream" speech to more than 200,000 marchers in front of the Lincoln Memorial. -
U of Alabama intergration
this was a turning point for African Americans in colleges and equality.
Vivien Malone and James Hood were the two people that were enrolled. -
Civil RIghts act of 1964
A federal law that authorized federal action against segregation in public accommodations, public facilities, and employment. -
Civil Rights act of 1957
This act made racial, religious, and sex discrimination by employers illegal and gave the government the power to enforce all laws governing civil rights, including desegregation of schools and public places. -
Voting Rights Act
it was a law passed at the time of the civil rights movement. It eliminated various devices that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people. It authorized the enrollment of voters by federal registrars in states where fewer than fifty percent of the eligible voters were registered or voted. -
Watts Riot
a white officer beat a black motorist in LA which caused 6 days of violence and thirty four people to die. Home were burned and the national guard had to be brought in. -
Black Panthers
A militant Black Power organization founded in the 1960s by Huey Newton and others. -
Title IX
No person in the US shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participating in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any educational program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance
