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Media - The first official school museum was opened in St. Louis, Missouri.
The popularity of this museum resulted in a few more opening in Reading, Pennsylvania and Cleveland, Ohio. These museums, by no means, were meant to replace teachers or textbooks. The majority of them had items on display such as films, slides, and photographs. -
Media - The publication of the first catalogs for instructional films in the United States.
These catalogs were very up-to-date for this time period and it was an unknown type of learning to many people. On the other hand, people like Thomas Edison were convinced that this new technology would soon make books obsolete. -
Media - The increases in interest for Radio Broadcastings, Sound Recordings, and Motion Video
People started to realize the mass communication tools that come along with these technologies. Even though the Great Depression happened during this time period, it didn't have a major effect of this industry. -
Media - Instructional Media became an effective tool for the United States during WWII
This industry was actually slowing down in the United States at this time, but many training videos were created for the military. They were used widely and it was estimated there was over 4 million showings of film training for US soldiers during WWII. -
Design - Many psychologists and teachers were hired during WWII by the military to design training materials for different military services.
This created a much more efficient screening process for applicants. This new way to look at the application process was very revolutionary for this time period, and it eventually led to the creation of the American Institutes for Research. -
Instructional Technology Definition - Began to be expressed as a process rather than just being associated with media.
It was looked at a different view now, and it was because of the popularity of this form of expressing information. It was a way to look at instructional problems and examine feasible solutions. -
Media - The Federal Communication Commission decided to assign 242 different television channels for educational purposes.
This created a huge spurt for the popularity of television worldwide. A big reason for this influence was the Ford Foundation. They invested $170 million in educational television. -
Design - B.F. Skinner's "The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching" was published
This book created a "minor revolution" that increased human learning and created instructional materials that were more effective and efficient than ever before. -
Media - IBM created the first author language to use for education for the earliest computers.
This was a huge advancement stage for the computer as its capabilities weren't fully known in its earliest stages. It still took awhile for the computer to reach it full capacity, but this was a major step in its early development stages. -
Learning Theory - Learning theory began to shift away from the behavioral models that they've always used
Educators and psychologists began to look more are the complex cognitive practices such as problem solving, thinking, languages used, and information processing. -
Design - The emergence of "criterion-referenced testing" started to become popular.
This new testing measured an individual's performance on certain activities no matter how well other's perform. It could determine how well the student retained the information that a program was trying to teach. -
Instructional Technology Definition - The first approval for the definition was made by a major professional organization that focused on education.
The definition focused on the design and usage of messages which controlled our learning process. It placed a bigger emphasis on learning rather than instruction. -
Design - The number of instructional design models had greatly increased.
These models were starting to be used throughout all industries. In the military, there were major developments with their branches. In college, there was an increase in instructional improvement centers and graduate programs. In businesses, it was used more often in their training activities. -
Instructional Design Models - began to be generated at a higher rate to expression a systematic approach to instructing and performing evaluations
All of the models seemed to follow the "ADDIE" design. This mnemonic stood for analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate. This effective tool provided an underlying structure for all instructors. -
Instructional Technology Definition - a major change to the definition was produced by the Commission on Instructional Technology.
This commission, that was funded by the government, stated two definitions: one stating that it was used for instructional purposes through television, radio, etc., and one stating that it's a systematic way of designing the whole process of teaching in a more efficient manor. -
Instructional Technology Definition - A much more broad definition was presented by the Association for Educational Communication and Technology
This extremely lengthy definition expressed it as a complex process that involved people and ideas for analyzing problems and expressing solutions to these problems involved in all aspects of learning for humans. -
Design - The popularity of instructional design continued to grow, but the overall effects of it were at a minimum.
The efficiency of these designs weren't used as well before, and a major reason for this was the increases in personal computers being used for instructional purposes. -
Media - The popularity of computers in schools began to take off in all levels of education.
Computers were now more popular than ever before, as they were used in 40% of elementary schools and 75% of secondary schools. -
Cognitivism - It was the newest teaching method at this time and it wasn't at first accepted and instructed as it is today.
The stimulus-response stimulus was still the most popular teaching theory at this point in time. Little people understood that this teaching reform would change how future generations interpreted information. -
Media - Computer popularity continued to grow in schools, but the impacts made were very minimal.
Surveys showed there was 1 computer for every 9 students, but the practices being used on these computers were very limited. The basics of keyboarding and typing applications were the main uses for these devices. -
Design - Internet had created a major influence on the presentation of online courses.
This emerging technology had opened many new job opportunities and it presented many challenges to engage learners with intriguing information. -
Media - Training via technology had become more relevant than ever in business practices.
A survey of over 300 companies showed that over 30% of training done in the early stages of hiring involved presentations via technology. This was over 20% higher than their previous 1999 survey. -
Design - Knowledge bases, performance support tools, and online communities had created a major business presence.
These communication tools had emerged to integrate businesses more than ever before. -
Instructional Technology Definition - The latest definition presented by the AECT shows a more ethical view that must be expressed by these professionals.
This definition talks about ethics, and the practices of improving performances by creating and using appropriate processes for everyone involved in the lesson. -
Media - Internet availability in classrooms across the United States had reached 93%
Due to the reliance and capabilities that come with today's technologies, the ability to connect to the internet had become the norm in almost all classrooms. This availability was only at 64% in 1999.