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Period: 527 BCE to 565 BCE
Reign of Justinian
Justin became senile near the end of his time being emperor, Justinian became the de facto ruler. He was given counsel in 521 an after, the commander of the army in the east. When Justin died, 9 August 527), he became the sole sovereign. -
410 BCE
The First Sack of Rome
The sack of Rome refers to historical events in Rome. The first sack of Rome first happened on August 24 410 when the city was invaded by the Visigoths that were led by king Alaric. When this frightening event happened, Rome was not the capital of the West Roman empire and was replaced by Mediolanum in 286. -
330 BCE
Split of Roman Empire
The founder of the Byzantine Empire and its first emperor, Constantine the Great, moved the capital of the Roman Empire to the city of Byzantium in 330 CE. Roman empire split in November of 284 A.D., when Diocletian, a Roman general, took over and declared himself the new emperor. -
325 BCE
Legalization of Christianity
Christianity started to dominate in its early stage by Constantine the Great and the first council of Nicaea in 325. This was the period of the first seven Ecumenical Councils. Christianity initially started to dominate when it was first legalized. -
44 BCE
Julius Caesar death
The infamous Julius Caesar died on March 15, 44 BC. He died due to Senators attacking, murdering, and stabbing him as many as 23 times as he stood at the podium at a Senate speech. He died from the loss of blood and stabs. -
Period: 27 to 27
Empire begins
The Roman Empire began as Augustus Caesar became the first Roman emperor, which lead to the formation of many events in history, that we still remember to this day. -
Period: 117 to 117
Rome at its greatest extent
Rome was at it's greatest extent in AD 117. Rome had enormous territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea, Europe, North Africa, and West Asia. This took up a huge territory, giving Rome control over large areas. -
Period: 284 to 305
Rule of Diocletian
Diocletian was a Roman emperor from 284 to 305 and was born into a family that wasn't particularly rich in Dalmatia. He went through many military ranks before becoming the Roman Emperor. Diocletian was made emperor after his son Numerian and Carus (emperor at the time). -
Period: 306 to 337
Rule of Constantine
Constantine the Great was born in Greece, Nis and was the son of Flavius Valerius Constantinus. His father was a Roman Army officer, and his mother was Empress Helena. Constantine was a Roman Emperor who ruled between 306 and 337 AD. -
476
End of Western Empire
Romulus Augustulus, who was the last Roman empire of the west was killed by a German prince names Odovacar. Odovacar had won control of the remaining areas of the Roman army in Italy. After his impact on Rome, he moved the western imperial regalia to Constantinople. -
Period: 632 to 632
Muslims Conquer North Africa
The Muslim conquest of the Maghreb continued Muslim conquests after the death of Muhammed, and into the territories that the Byzantine-controlled in Northern Africa. -
Period: Sep 10, 732 to Sep 10, 732
Battle of Tours
The battle of tours marked the victory of Frankish and Burgundian forced under Charles Martel his invasion forces of the Umayyad caliphate that was led by Abdul Rahman Al Ghafiqi. -
Period: 768 to 814
Rule of Charlemagne
Charlemagne was a medieval emperor who ruled much of Western Europe from 768 to 814. Charlemagne is said to have been an outstanding ruler in medieval western times. During his 46 year reign, he demonstrated extraordinary ability in many things such as warfare. -
Period: 793 to 1066
Viking Invasions
The Viking raids are known as the Viking Age in Britain which had massive consequences on the development of the culture and language. The raids started in June of 793 CE when three ships docked at the shore by the abbey of Lindisfarne. They sailed to most of the North Atlantic, reaching south to North Africa and east to Russia, Constantinople and the Middle East as looters, traders, colonists and mercenaries. -
862
Missionary of St. Cyril and Methodius
In 862, when Prince Rostislav of Great Moravia asked Constantinople for missionaries, the emperor Michael III and the patriarch Photius named Cyril and Methodius. In 863 they started their work among the Slavs, using Slavonic in the liturgy. -
1054
The East–West Schism
The East–West Schism, was the break of communion between what are now the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches, which had lasted until the 11th century. -
Period: 1054 to 1054
East-West Schism
The East-West Schism also called the Great Schism and the schism of 1054, was the break of communion between what are now the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches, which had lasted until the 11th century. -
Period: 1096 to 1291
Crusades
The Crusades were a series of religious wars between Christians and Muslims started in order to secure holy sites that were thought of as sacred by both groups. In all, eight major Crusade expeditions occurred between 1096 and 1291 -
Period: Jun 15, 1215 to Jun 15, 1215
Magna Carta
Magna Carta, English Great Charter, a charter of English liberties granted by King John on June 15, 1215, under threat of civil war and reissued with alterations in 1216, 1217, and 1225. -
Period: 1237 to 1242
Mongol Invasion
The Mongol Empire, showing it progress towards Europe.
The Mongol invasions of Europe were centered in their destruction of Russian principalities, such as Kiev and Vladimir, under the leadership of Subutai. The Mongols then invaded the Kingdom of Hungary and the fragmented Poland, the former invasion commanded by Batu Khan, a grandson of Genghis Khan, and the latter a diversion commanded by Kadan, also a grandson of Genghis Khan, though both invasions were also masterminded by Subutai. -
Period: 1308 to 1320
Dante writes his epic poem the Divine Comedy.
Regarded as one of the finest poets that Italy has ever produced, Dante Alighieri is also celebrated as a major influence in Western culture. His masterpiece, the epic poem Commedia (The Divine Comedy), is universally known as one of the great poems of world literature. It was divided into three sections—Inferno, Purgatorio, and Paradiso, -
Period: 1337 to 1453
100 year war
The name the Hundred Years’ War has been used by historians since the beginning of the nineteenth century to describe the long conflict that pitted the kings and kingdoms of France and England against each other from 1337 to 1453. -
Period: 1376 to 1377
The Papacy returned to Rome
From 1309 to 1377, the seat of the papacy resided in Avignon, France, rather than Rome. Gregory XI returned to Rome in 1377, thus ending the Avignon Papacy, at which point Romans rioted to ensure the election of a Roman for pope. Urban VI, born Bartolomeo Prignano, the Archbishop of Bari, was elected in 1378. -
Period: 1415 to 1415
Jan Hus Dies
July 6, 1415, Konstanz, Germany Jan Hus died. He was a Bohemian religious thinker and reformer. -
1436
Architect Brunelleschi designs the dome for the Florence Cathedral
The dome of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence, Italy, was completed in 1436. Its supple curves and innovative engineering are a monument to the genius of Filippo Brunelleschi. -
Period: 1439 to 1439
Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press.
The printing press is one of the most important inventions of all time. Its development would destroy the control of information in Europe and change the course of history forever. The quick, cheap and easy distribution of information would ultimately lead to the Protestant Reformation, the Renaissance, the Scientific Enlightenment, and Industrial Revolution. -
1453
End of eastern empire
Byzantine Empire. Byzantine Empire, the eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived for a thousand years after the western half had crumbled into various feudal kingdoms and which finally fell to Ottoman Turkish onslaughts in 1453. -
Period: 1478 to 1492
Lorenzo de Medici ascends to power in Florence
Lorenzo de' Medici ruled Florence with his brother Giuliano from 1469 to 1478. After the latter's assassination, the crowd stood by the Medici and tore the assassins limb from limb. Lorenzo was considered the Wise, “the needle on the Italian scales,” and ruled from 1478 to 1492. -
Period: 1480 to 1480
Botticelli completed the painting The Birth of Venus.
The Birth of Venus is a painting by the Italian artist Sandro Botticelli that was made in the mid-1480s. It depicts the goddess Venus arriving at the shore after her birth, when she had emerged from the sea fully-grown. The painting is in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. -
Period: 1503 to 1506
Leonardo da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa.
Leonardo da Vinci's 'Mona Lisa' has captivated audiences for centuries. Vinci's ouevre and a prime example of High Renaissance painting. Leonardo Da Vinci painted the Mona Lisa from 1503 to 1506, but was considered incomplete by Da Vinci until 1516. Da Vinci was never paid for the painting. -
Period: 1508 to 1512
Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel ceiling's most famous panel, entitled “The Creation of Adam.” Michelangelo painted the Sistine Chapel in a standing position. When they picture Michelangelo creating his legendary frescoes, most people assume he was lying down. The Sistine Chapel was a powerful, popular fresco/painting that Michelangelo painted. -
Period: 1509 to 1509
King Henry VIII
Henry Tudor (June 28, 1491 to January 28, 1547) was the king of England from 1509 until his death in 1547. The son of Henry VII of England and Elizabeth York, Henry became king of England following the death of his father. He married six times, beheading two of his wives, and was the main instigator of the English Reformation. His only surviving son, Edward VI, succeeded him after his death. -
Period: 1511 to 1511
Erasmus published The Praise of Folly
In Praise of Folly, is an essay written in Latin in 1509 by Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam and first printed in June 1511 -
Period: 1517 to 1517
Martin Luther nails 95 Theses
Acting on this belief, Luther wrote the “Disputation on the Power and Efficacy of Indulgences,” also known as “The 95 Theses,” a list of questions and propositions for debate. Popular legend has it that on October 31, 1517 Luther defiantly nailed a copy of his 95 Theses to the door of the Wittenberg Castle church. -
Period: 1545 to 1563
Start of Counter-Reformation
The Counter-Reformation, was the period of Catholic resurgence initiated in response to the Protestant Reformation. There was little significant papal reaction to the Protestants or to demands for reform from within the Roman Catholic Church before mid-century. Pope Paul III (reigned 1534–49) is considered to be the first pope of the Counter-Reformation. It was he who in 1545 convened the Council of Trent. -
Period: 1548 to 1548
Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory
Copernican heliocentrism is the name given to the astronomical model developed by Nicolaus Copernicus and published in 1543. It positioned the Sun near the center of the Universe, motionless, with Earth and the other planets orbiting around it -
Period: 1558 to
Elizabeth I became Queen of England.
Elizabeth I is one of England's greatest monarchs. Her forces defeated the Spanish Armada and saved England from invasion, she reinstated Protestantism and forged an England that was a strong and independent nation. -
Period: to
The invention of the microscope
When the microscope was invented around 1590, suddenly we saw a new world of living things in our water, in our food and under our nose. But it's unclear who invented the microscope. Some historians say it was Hans Lippershey, most famous for filing the first patent for a telescope. -
Period: to
William Shakespeare builds the Globe theatre.
The first Globe was built by the company Shakespeare was in the Lord Chamberlain's Men. Richard Burbage was the company's leading actor. They had played at the Theatre, built by the Burbage family on land leased from a Mr Allen. In 1597, Allen refused to renew the lease. -
Period: to
Kepler discovered elliptical orbits
Johannes Kepler published his first two laws about planetary motion in 1609, having found them by analyzing the astronomical observations of Tycho Brahe. Kepler's third law was published in 1619. -
Period: to
Galileo studies planets with his telescope
In 1609, using this early version of the telescope, Galileo became the first person to record observations of the sky made with the help of a telescope. When Galileo pointed his telescope at Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, he made a startling discovery. The planet had four "stars" surrounding it. -
Period: to
30 Years War
The Thirty Years War (1618-48), though pre-eminently a German war, was also of great importance for the history of the whole of Europe, not only because nearly all the countries of Western Europe took part in it, but also on account of its connection with the other great European wars of the same era and on account of its final results. -
Period: to
Bacon published Novum Organum
The Novum Organum (New Organon) was the second (and the only somewhat complete) part of Sir Francis Bacon's Instauratio Magna, published in England in 1620. Because nearly nothing of the other five parts was printed in the Instauratio, the whole is often known by the name of the dominant part. -
Period: to
Galileo was warned by the Catholic Church
In February-March 1616, the Catholic Church issued a prohibition against the Copernican theory of the earth's motion. This led later (1633) to the Inquisition trial and condemnation of Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) as a suspected heretic, which generated a controversy that continues to our day. -
Period: to
Peace of Westphalia
On 24 October 1648, the Treaty of Westphalia was signed, marking the end of the Thirty Years' War. Ratification of the Peace of Munster. The Westphalia area of north-western Germany gave its name to the treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War. -
Period: to
The plague
The Great Plague, lasting from 1665 to 1666, was the last major epidemic of the bubonic plague to occur in England.
