Humanities Timeline

Julius Caesar Death

44 BCE

Julius Caesar was assassinated at March 15, 44 B.C. The reason why he got killed is political, religious or monetary reasons.

The Roman Empire Begins

27 BCE

The beginning of the Roman Empire was when Augustus Caesar became the first every Rome Empire. The Roman empire spread very fast because people thought it was a good and nice idea with joining them. The more people who joined the more power they would have sometimes. At the beginning they had a very strong structure with all of the bases. With having the Mediterranean Sea they traveled all around the mediterranean sea controlling all of those countries.

Romans

Period: 27 BCE to 1453

The Roman Empire had the entire mediterranean sea owning all of the surroundings of the sea. The power was so big that it develop the newest and the most amazing work at the time.

Rome at the greatest extent

117

The greatest extent for the Roman empire was 117 AD that is right after when the great emperor Trajan died.

Rule of Diocletian

284

At 284 AD is when Diocletian became an emperor. He lasted until 305 AD as the emperor. Diocletian started with a very low rank in his life, but he increased his rank by going to the military. While his time as an emperor he owned 4 quarter-division of the empire.

Rule of Constantine

306

Constantine was a emperor during 306 to 337 AD. He died as an emperor. He came from a very royal family. His mother was Empress Helena and his father was Caesar. Coming from such a family it was very easy for him to become a Emperor because of the rank he was born with. Constantine was the first emperor to protect Christian's for there protection. That is how the empire switched to christianity all because of Constantine.

Split of the Roman Empire and move to Constantinople

330

Since Diocletian split the empire in half into the eastern and western side. The eastern side controlled the Byzantium which was later called Constantinople. While the western side had control over Rome. However Constantine decided to move the transition of Christianity to the city of Constantinople since he had control of the eastern side.

Legalization of Christianity

330

The legalization of Christianity was allowed when Constantine became an emperor and promised to protect the christians. So the city of Constantinople. That is also when the split became because of all of the problems that people were causing with each other and also arguing all the time.

Reign of Justinian

330

The Reign of Justinian was the time period where the Roman Empire has fallen but the Byzantine has just begun. It was the new eastern roman empire. Today this is Istanbul. Several great leaders came across this and adapted it and improved it. But it was really important to several people who were Christian and it helped them develop a whole new empire since so many people followed of there sayings. A leader named Constantine was the first emperor of Byzantine

First sack of rome

410

The first sack of rome was when Visigoths attacked Rome, and this was led by King Alaric. The Visigoths were one of the two east Germanic tribe. They were considered as Goths. They attacked Rome because Rome were very powerful and they attacked at the migration period. So it was easier for them to attack specifically during that time period.

The end of the western empire

476

Romulus was the last ever emperor of the Roman empire on the west side. They were overtaken by a very strong tribe called the Germanic, the leader was Odoacer. Odoacer was a German barbarian and he was also the first ever barbarian to rule western Italy.

Middle Ages

Period: 476 to 1492

The Middle Ages was a time span when religion was a very big part of society. The Church was controlling everything during that time.

Muslims Conquer North Africa

647

The Muslims took over Northern Africa but they landed in several of the Enemies territories and that is why they would have trouble with them. During the time they were going over Africa their Combatants were Byzantine and the Umayyad Caliphate.

Battle of tours

732

The battle of tours was a huge battle with the Spanish Moors and the Frankish. Charles Martel was the leader that led the win. The Spanish Moors had control over northern africa and spain at that time but the Frankish said no and banished them back away. So Muslims couldn't continue further in Europe. If they did then our today society would've been completely different.

Rule of Charlemagne

768

Charlemagne was a King of the Franks during 768 also the king of the Lombards 774 and the roman Emperor from 800. He ruled most of the western europe and several people gave acknowledgements to him, such as the pope Leo. Charlemagne did several things doing his lifetime. He was the first emperor of the Holy Roman empire and he helped spread christianity around the whole world (the mentioning of the pope Leo). He would also unite the western europe together for the first time for a long time ago.

Viking Invasion

793

The viking invasion was a big invasion that took part specifically at the Nordic area where they originated. But the most important war that the vikings did. The first ever attack the vikings did was at the Lindisfarne which was a island northeast holy island.

Missionary of St. Cyril and Methodius

893

Cyril and Methodius were two brothers who grew up in constantinople and they were first brought to the government at a young age. They left the government system and they became very religious. Cyril created the alphabets for the Slavic people, and it was know to be the oldest Slavic Alphabet ever made. But after that he and his brother gathered several people to become followers as Christians, especially Slavic people.

East-West Schism

1054

The East-West Schism was the end between the eastern church and the western church. Pope Leo IX was leading the western church and Michael Cerularius was leading the eastern Church. Which became the Roman Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church. So that separation plays a big part in our today society and what people nowadays believe in.

Crusades

1096

Christians and Muslims were in a fight because they thought that Jerusalem was a very sacred and holy area for there land and they would fight over for it. Some of the European countries weren't as strong as the Muslims or as advanced but they were still developing new things. Meanwhile Byzantine was as advanced but had several wars and civil wars. So it was a very strong and hard battle for the middle east holy and sacred land.

Magna Carta

1215

Magna Carta was a book by John the king of england and Stephen Langton. Magna Carta means 'The Great Charter' was a book established to the law and what was going on about it. So when this book was made it was for the rights for people and all the rules that people were allowed to do and what not to do

Plague

1300

The plague known as the 'black death'. It was one of the deadliest events ever. An estimate of 25 million people died during this period and people would argue that god would do this because several battles were happening during that time. But it traveled from a very different religion and area which took place in central asia. Then it traveled with the silk road, which was the biggest trading transportation during that time. It traveled to the eastern europe surroundings the black sea.

Mongol Invasion

1300

The Mongol were trying to invade Europe to conquer the land, since it had some resources that asia didn't have. The mongols still exist till this day and they are scattered around several countries but they are different then before.

Renaissance

Period: 1300 to 1600

The Renaissance is a very important time period because their were several changes made. A lot of conflict during that time with the Church and other religions thinking that they were wrong.

Divine Comedy poem by Dante Alighieri

1320

This literature was meant to show the afterlife of people. He would tell people that there were 3 afterlifes. He would say that there was Inferno which would mean Hell, then Purgatory and heaven. But his poem felt like reading a long book.

100 year war

1337

The war started between the two colonies of France and England since Charles IV died at 1328, Edward III wanted to become the king of France. But none of the French wanted this and then a big war began. France took the victory when England surrounded.

Papacy returned to Rome

1376

The Papacy returned because there was no one and they needed something. The reason there was no one because no pope went or did anything for Rome for a while and that was why they added the second line of Avignon.

Jan Hus death

Jul 6, 1415

Jan Hus died at July 6,1415, at Germany Konstanz. Jan Hus had to suffer the heat of fire and that is what killed him this method was called Death by burning. After his death many of his followers attacked a deadly civil war against the Holy Roman Empire.

Brunelleschi designs dome

1420

Brunelleschi designed the Dome of Santa Maria del Fiore, he also thought that he created the Dome and many followers believed that he did, but however people before him invented the dome. However he was one of the first people that was famously known to create the dome despite the other people.

Johannes Gutenberg creating the printing press

1439

Johannes Gutenberg created the printing press and it was very useful since several people used it and it became historical for its use. Example of the printing press Martin Luther used it to express the reasoning why the church was wrong and using not obeying the bible. Without the printing press it wouldn't be possible.

The invention of the printing press

1440

Johannes Gutenberg was the creator of the printing press. Johannes was a blacksmith before actually creating the printing press. While testing new ideas, and realizing that people are writing everything by hand which was taking months. He decided to create a simply solution. Creating the printing press. Since he was in Germany, and it became famous there then famous people used it to share their work. Such as Martin Luther.

The end of the eastern empire

May 29, 1453

The fall of the Constantinople was when the Ottoman army attacked on May 29 1453. The last Emperor was Constantine XI. Constantine XI died trying to save his Empire but the Ottoman just out played them and was conquered by Sultan Mehmed II, and after that Ottoman were on of the strongest and powerful Empire of all history.

Lorenzo de Medici ascends to power in Florence

1469

Since Lorenzo de Medici was a very strong statesman also known very strong rank in government. Also he was part of the Medici branch a which ruled Florence for several years. Lorenzo was into arts a lot and he gave patron of the arts. What he did for the city was incredible and that was why several people started to follow up to him.

The Birth of Venus, painted by Sandro Botticelli

1480

The painting 'The Birth of Venus' was painted by Sandro Botticelli. The reason why Sandro painted this was because it was about the Venus being born at the shore and how special it was. It was also historical since it was one of the first non-religious nude. Which few people got mad about because it the time period where Christianity became the most powerful source in the whole Florence.

Sistine Chapel

1483

The Sistine chapel was created by Baccio Pontelli and Giovannino de Dolci. It was where Popes were elected which was a big part to the society during the late 14th century. It had paintings of religious meaningful things all over the place.

King Henry VIII

1491

King Henry VIII was known for many things. He was the king of England for 36 years, also he had 6 wives. But he is most known for getting the whole nation to go Protestant Reformation. Some people weren't happy, but many people were fine with this. So he was able to switch the whole country religion.

Start of Counter-Reformation

1500

The Counter Reformation was with the Catholic Church. The reason why it happened is because when the Church was falling and it started to break, they needed to reform and improve a lot.

Leonardo Da Vinci painted the Mona Lise

1503

The Mona Lisa now is worth millions across the world. But the reason why it was so special during the 1503 when he finished painting it is that there were several expressions that wouldn't of shown at other artist work. It had a blurriness at the background and it contrast really focused on the person. The facial expression was very accurate and people at that time were amazed with this type of art work

The praise of Folly

1509

'In praise of Folly' written by Erasmus. Erasmus was one of the best Christian Humanist. It helped the Renaissance Humanism, it had perfected expressions of the sentiments and philosophy.

Martin Luther nails 95 theses

1517

Martin Luther who started the whole Reformation, started with 95 theses that he printed and stapled on the church doors. The theses were explaining the reasoning why the church was corrupt and the bad things they were doing. He also wrote the bible in german then people understood that the church was not following what the actual bible was doing. With doing so much chaos he decided creating his own religion that just followed the bible. It was called Lutheranism.

Reformation

Period: 1517 to 1648

The reformation was when Luther created Lutheranism, telling people how the church is wrong and he created his own religion called Lutheranism. This was during the period of the renaissance so religion was still the most powerful thing during that time.

Copernicus’ Heliocentric Theory

1543

This theory was about how the sun was the center of the universe. Nicolaus Copernicus came up with this theory, he took the people to actually accept this. Some people always thought about how we are flat or how the sun moves around us. So for them to make an actually choice took over a decade. Sadly right after they accepted Nicolaus died to a Stroke.

Scientific revolution

Period: 1543 to 1610

The Scientific Revolution was against the beliefs of the church and how few of their sayings weren't correct and they were proving themself with scientific evidence.

Elizabeth I queen of england.

1558

1558 was the beginning of her royal life. She was the last of the five monarchs of the house of Tudor. That is why she was ranked enough to become queen.

The Invention of the Microscope

1590

The Microscope has been revolutionary to our society and very helpful for new specie discovered. Zacharias Janssen was the first known human to discover and tell people about his invention. The first Microscope was a normal tube and two seperate lenses you could also imagine it to look like the pirate tool to look for other boats.

William Shakespeare building the Globe Theatre

1599

The globe theatre was used for several plays that Shakespeare created and they became very famous around a lot of people. The way Shakespeare wrote and constructed his plays at that time was phenomenal.

Galileo studies planets with his telescope

1609

Galileo a very significant person who became famous for inventing the telescope. With this telescope he studied and examined the solar system. When he studied the universe he would also take about the Copernicus theory and he was being hunted and chased down by religious people.

30 Years War

1618

The Thirty Year War which happened mostly at the central Europe but it mainly Germany. This war went on for 1618 to 1648. The reason why this all happened is because of Religion. Since this was after all the Protestant and now several people were following them. Then it had a massive war to who should have superior power. But after a while it became more about who controlled Europe.

Kepler discovered elliptical orbits

1619

Kepler proving and helping Copernicus theory. Showing and drawing several models to help for people to see how our earth revolves around the sun. Drawing the model helped and evolved till todays date.

Bacon published Novum Organum

1620

This book was about the science and nature. It showed the understatement of all science. It would explain to several people the real meaning and many people would look up to it and become something big. The title itself it about Aristotle's work Organon.

Galileo was warned by the Catholic Church

1633

Galileo was send to the holy office because apparently it was a disbelief to believe that the earth revolves around the sun. But he manage to prove and explain to several people that it was true, and before that there was the copernicus theory. Galileo had house arrest, and it only lasted 8 years until he died.

Peace of Westphalia

1648

There was a Peace treaties that happened during 1648. This is what happened to end the thirty year war. This peace war to stop the religion war between the Catholics and the Protestant.