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Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Prevented Chinese immigrants from entering the U.S. Drop in number of Chinese laborers, students, and merchants. -
Immigration Act of 1924
Expressly permitted foreign students to study in U.S. institutions. -
After World War II
United States invested a large amount of money in research and scholarship, and subsequently, these research funds attracted international scholars to U.S. institutions of higher learning. -
Fulbright Program
Promotion of international good will through the exchange of students in the fields of education, culture, and science -
IIE's Open Doors
Institute of International Education’s research project, Open Doors started to track records of international students in U.S. higher education institutions -
Period: to
Middle Eastern Boom
OPEC countries, flush with oil cash, expand overseas scholarship programs. In 1979 Iran consist one fifth of total international students in the U.S. -
Period: to
Rise of competitors
Notably the UK and Australia drew international students with lower tuition and international education policies and international student recruitment strategies in place -
Period: to
WAVE I
Terrorist attack, increased visa requirement, and highly skilled intl. students enrolling in research-intensive institutions. Graduates in STEM field -
Homeland Security Act of 2002
Signed by President George W. Bush, formally establishing the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) and launching the largest government agency reorganization in 50 years -
Student and Exchange Visitor Information System (SEVIS)
DHS implemented SEVIS to collect, maintain, and manage information about all foreign students and exchange visitors during their stay in the United States -
Period: to
WAVE II
Global financial crisis led institutions to seek self-funded students. Rise of needs to consider institutional support for international students -
Period: to
WAVE III
Political nationalistic sentiments and increased competitors in both Europe and Asia may lead to decreasing number of international students -
Drop in Number
Reasons includes visa delays and denials, the costs of U.S. higher education, the shifting social and political climate, competition from institutions in other countries, and prospective students’ concerns about securing a job in the United States after graduation -
Today
International students consist about 5.5% of enrolled students in the United States
