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World War II
As the 2nd World War is starting, a need for audio visuals to further train soldiers has presented itself. From this, the United States Air Force produced more than 400 training films and 600 filmstrips (Reiser, 2001). [Link text](https://larrycuban.files.wordpress.com/2013/04/30220299.pdf -
Shannon & Weaver Model of Communication
In 1948, a mathematician and electronic engineer developed a model of communication to explain the relationship between the sender and receiver of information and possible interruptions that may distort the message. This was translated by learning theorists when they address how content is interpreted. Link text -
Televison Viewers Increase
In the 1950's, televisions are popping up in the homes in America and are now being used for instructional purposes (Reiser, 2001). -
B.F. Skinner Educational Pioneer
Mr. Skinner wrote a ground breaking article titled, "The Science of Learning and the Art of Teaching". This was said to "pioneer the concept of programmed instructional materials" (elearninginfographics.com, 2015). He believed that, "Changes in behavior are the result of an individual's response to events (stimuli) that occur in the environment" (instructionaldesign.org, 2015). -
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The Programmed Instruction Movement
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Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
Mr. Bloomberg Benjamin identifies 3 main learning domains: cognitive, affective, and psychomotor (elearninginforgraphics.com, 2015) -
PLATO
Programmed Logic for Automatic Teaching Operations, was one of the first computer-based education systems. Created by Donald Bitzer, PLATO also spawned one of the first online communities (Jones, 2015). -
Glaser's Instructional Systems Approach
Robert Glaser saw instruction as a system, he broke this system down into five components: Instructional goals, entering behavior,
instructional procedures, performance assessments, research, and development logistics (nwlink.com, 2004). -
Gagne's 9 Events of Instruction
Robert Gagne developed a framework for an effective learning process: Gain attention, Inform learners of objectives, Stimulate recall of prior learning, Present the content, Provide “learning guidance”, Elicit performance (practice), Provide feedback, Assess performance, Enhance retention and transfer to the job (nwlink.com, 2004). -
FSU Creates the ADDIE model
The Center for Educational Technology at Florida State University develops the ADDIE model for the U.S. Army (Branson, Rayner, Cox, Furman, King, & Hannum, 1975). -
The Internet
October 24, 1995, the term "internet" was introduced. The Federal Networking Council (FNC) unanimously passed the resolution to define the term. This opened up opportunities to share computer-based learning across the world (Leiner, Cerf, Clark, Kahn, Kleinrock, Lynch, Postel, Roberts, & Wolff, 1997). -
Introduction of MOOCs
Massive Open Online Courses, allow for distance learning for users around the world to access online instruction all at once. The first MOOC was called, Connectivism and Connective Knowledge and about 2,200 people signed up. This concept spread and there are now thousands of MOOCs available to learners today (Marques, 2013). -
Competency-Based Learning
Competency-Based learning enables learners to streamline their education based on their competency in certain areas. This style of learning makes better use of technology and is enjoyed by the way it tailors to individual needs.
