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Education in the Colonial Period
Education wasn’t required everywhere. Most schooling was linked to the bible. Older boys could learn more. Most people just received an education so they read the newspaper, bible, and do their taxes. Average attendance was 82 days.
1783-Webster published textbook known as a the blue back speller. It included different spellings than the British books had. America starts to separate themselves from British by doing this. -
First Education Laws: Massachusetts
Children are required to be able to read and write -
The Impact of Jefferson, Rush, & Webster
Most Important
All three of them had very different ideas about the future of education. However they all agreed that it needed to change.
http://nruthe.weebly.com/blog/education-plans-of-jefferson-rush-and-webster -
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Secondary School Movement
High schools weren't common until 1910-1940. However in 1821 the first one for boys was established. -
The Impact of Horace Mann
Most Important
First secretary of the Massachusetts State Board of Education.
"Father of American Education"
He was the spokesman for the Common Schools Movement. He believed that schools should be funded by taxes so that every child could have a free education. -
The first legal case concerning integration and Sarah Roberts
Most Important
A black girl named Sarah Roberts tried to enroll in four different white school instead of the black schools. She was not allowed in any of them. The case was taken to legislature. Some of them believed in "separate but equal" schools. However the majority of blacks agreed with integration.
1855-abolishing segregation in schools in Massachusetts. First type of integration law in nation. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts_v._City_of_Boston -
Education After Civil War
After civil war there was no more slaves. All states were required to have non segregated schools. The demand for teachers increased. Women didn’t cost as much. “appropriate for women” “profession for women”
Students enrolled in public schools:
1870= 7.6 million
1890=12.7 million
Native Americans were forced to go to government schools where they abandoned their traditions. Blacks faced similar treatment. -
Committee of Ten
12 years of education recommended, 8 years of elementary. 4 years of highschool. "...every subject which is taught at all in a secondary school should be taught in the same way and to the same extent to every pupil so long as he pursues it, no matter what the probable destination of the pupil may be, or at what point his education is to cease."
Basically they wanted to standardize everything and make it equal for all. -
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Impact of John Dewey
Father of progressive education
Reforms classrooms so that they weren’t just vocational schools. But a place where students and teachers could learn to how to live no matter where they're going. -
The Gary Plan
Relate school to occupations and normal life. Elementary and secondary students would be together and learn together. Not everyone liked it but the Federal Bureau of Education did. -
Brown vs. Board of Education, 1954
Case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. Schools could no longer be segregated but not everyone agreed with this or followed it. -
23. Sputnik and NDEA, 1957-58
Most Important
Provided funding for students to strengthen mathematics, science, and foreign language instruction, which included better equipment and materials, along with professional development for teachers. It also provided funding for students attending college. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ835843.pdf -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act, 1965
Funded primary and secondary education. It also emphasizes equal access to education and establishes high standards and accountability. Was meant to remove the gaps between education levels of students. -
Individuals with Disabilities in Education Act, 1975
Most Important
Ensures students with a disabilities are provided with Free Appropriate Public Education (FAPE) that is tailored to their individual needs. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individuals_with_Disabilities_Education_Act -
No Child Left Behind, 2001
Reauthorized the Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The idea was that setting high standards and establishing attainable goals could improve individual outcomes in education. Required states to develop assessments in basic skills. To receive federal school funding, states had to give these assessments to all students at select grade levels.
