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Education in the Colonial Period
The primary education of upper class children in colonial days included reading, writing, simple math, poems, and prayers. Paper and textbooks were scarce so boys and girls recited their lessons until they memorized them. The three most commonly used books were the Bible, a primer, and a horn-book. As children grew older their schooling prepared them for their eventual roles in plantation life. -
First Education Laws: Massachusetts
The General Court of the Massachusetts Bay Colony decrees that every town of fifty families should have an elementary school and that every town of 100 families should have a Latin school. The goal is to ensure that Puritan children learn to read the Bible and receive basic information about their Calvinist religion. -
Common Schools
Public schools that taught reading, writing, and math. Spiritual and moral lessons were mixed into the text. -
The Impact of Horace Mann
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Horace Mann is one of the most well-known reformers of education in the United States. He is credited with leading the Common School Movement, which helped to lay the framework for a publicly funded education system. http://study.com/academy/lesson/horace-mann-education-reform-contributions-philosophy-quiz.html -
Sarah Roberts-first legal case concerning integration
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This lawsuit was on behalf of a five year old African American child who was barred from attending school. Her father sued the city of Boston. This was in an effort to end racially segregated schools.
http://www.aaregistry.org/historic_events/view/roberts-vs-city-boston-begins -
The Impact of John Dewey
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John Dewey is best known for his role in progressive education. Progressive education is a view of education that emphasizes the need to learn by doing. Dewey believed that human beings learn through a 'hands on' approach. http://www.biography.com/people/john-dewey-9273497 -
The Measurement Movement
Lewis Terman developed the Intelligence Quotient (IQ), a number stating the level of an individuals mental development. At this same time, Edward Thorndike, and some of his students developed scales for measuring achievement in several subjects such as math, reading, spelling, and language. -
Impact of World War 2
A large number of teachers left the classroom at this time to go to battle. Enrollment dropped because youth chose not to come back to school or even to go back to work. Financial support was low because fundins was being diverted from education to aid in the war effort -
Brown vs. The Board of Education
United States Supreme Court case in which the court declared State laws establishing separate but, public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional. This ruling paved the way for integration and was a major victory of the Civil Rights Movement. -
Sputnik and NDEA
Sputnik also contributed directly to advancement in science and technology. This came about when President Eisenhower enacted a bill called the National Defense Education Act. This bill encouraged students to go to college and study math and science. Tuition fees would be paid for. This led to a new emphasis on science and technology in American schools. -
The Impact of the War on Poverty
The Office of Economic Opportunity was the agency responsible for administering most of the War on Poverty programs created during Johnson's Administration. They launched Project Head Start as an eight-week summer program in 1965. The project was designed to help end poverty by providing preschool children from low-income families with a program that would meet emotional, social, health, nutritional, and psychological needs. -
Impact of the Civil Rights Movement
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The civil rights movement was a commitment to end discrimination in education. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (prohibiting race, color, and national origin discrimination) was an important part of this movement. http://www2.ed.gov/about/offices/list/ocr/docs/impact.html -
A Nation At Risk
The 1983 report of American President Ronald Reagan's National Commission on Excellence in Education. Its publication is considered a landmark event in modern American educational history. Among other things, the report contributed to the ever-growing assertion that American schools were failing, and it touched off a wave of local, state, and federal reform efforts. -
Individuals with Disabilities Education Act
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This act was formally known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act but, was changed to IDEA in 1989. It insures that students with a disability are provided with a free appropriate public education that is tailored to their individual needs. http://www.education.com/reference/article/individuals-disabilities-education-act/ -
School Choice Movement
A movement that gave way to a variety of programs offering students and their families alternatives to publicly provided schools, to which students are generally assigned by the location of their family residence. Charter schools and vouchers came into play at this time. -
No Child Left Behind
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Requires states to develop assessments in basic skills. To receive federal funding, states must give assessments to all students at select grade levels. Each state develops its own standards. NCLB expanded the role through further emphasis on annual testing, annual academic progress, report cards, and teacher qualifications, as well as significant changes in funding.
http://www.edweek.org/ew/section/multimedia/no-child-left-behind-overview-definition-summary.html
