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384 BCE
Aristotle
According to him, the Sun, the Moon, the planets, and the stars travel in separate spheres. When the spheres touch each other, a 'music of the spheres' can be heard. , the great philosopher, proved that the Earth is spherical, and believed that it was at the center of the universe. -
190 BCE
Hipparchus
He was a Greek astronomer, geographer, and mathematician. He is considered the founder of trigonometry but is most famous for his incidental discovery of precession of the equinoxes. -
100 BCE
Ptoelmy
Wrote Almagest a set of astronomy manuals, which catalogues the stars, eclipses, the movement of the sun and moon. He made the geocentric theory or the ptolemaic model, which is about the earth being the center of the universe. -
1473
Nicolaus Copernicus
Mathematician and astronomer. He believed that the sun was the center of the universe. It was called the Heliocentric model. He is also the creator of the Scientific Method. -
1546
Tycho Brahe
Known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations. Recorded enough data on the motion of sun, planets, and moon relative to the fixed stars and planets to within 1 arc minute. -
1564
Galileo
He is from Italy. He is the first person to ever discover sunspots. He discovered jupiter's moons, Io, Europa, Ganymede, Callisto. -
1570
Hans Lippershey
Was a lens maker from Germany but moved to the Netherlands. Believed to be the first to apply for a patent for the telescope design of 3x magnification. -
1571
Johannes Kepler
Tycho Brahe’s assistant. Discovered that orbits are not circles but ovals (elliptical). -
Giovanni Cassini
Italian who discovered the division of the rings of Saturn. 4 of Saturn's moons, and the rotation periods of mars and jupiter. -
Sir Isaac Newton
Further developed works of Copernicus and Kepler using math. Invented reflecting telescope. 3 laws of motion. -
William Herschel
Discovered the planet Uranus and its moons. He also discovered 2 more of Saturn's moons Believed to have found polar ice on Mars leading to the studies hoping to find water on mars. -
Percival Lowell
Discovered the planet Pluto and studied the “canalis” on Mars. Built the Lowell observatory in Flagstaff, AZ to study Mars. -
Ejnar Hertzsprung
One of the inventors of the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. The HR diagram shows the correlation between the absolute magnitude (brightness) and the spectral type of star. -
Albert Einstein
Theory of Relativity (1905) and aggravation. -
Edwin Hubble
Using the color of the stars, discovered the universe is expanding.
Hubble's Law, galaxies are moving away from each other. The idea of the Big Bang Theory of how the universe began. -
Karl Jansky
Karl Guthe Jansky was an American physicist and radio engineer who in August 1931 first discovered radio waves emanating from the Milky Way. -
Yuri Gagarin
First human (Soviet) to orbit Earth 108 minutes. -
Sputnik
Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957. It was a 58 cm diameter polished metal sphere, with four external radio antennas to broadcast radio pulses. -
John Glenn
1st U.S. Citizen to orbit Earth 3 times. -
Apollo Missions
The Apollo Program (1963 - 1972) The Apollo program was designed to land humans on the Moon and bring them safely back to Earth. Six of the missions achieved this mission. Apollos 7 and 9 were Earth orbiting missions to test the Command and Lunar Modules, and did not return lunar data. Apollo 8 and 10 tested various components while orbiting the moon. Apollo 13 did not land due to a malfunction. -
Neil Armstrong
First human to walk on the moon. -
First Space Shuttle Flight
Space Shuttle Columbia was the first reusable spacecraft. Launch like a rocket land like a plane. -
Mars Pathfinder Expidition
Mars Pathfinder was launched December 4, 1996. They landed on Mars in 1997. -
Space X Falcon Heavy
Falcon Heavy' is a partially reusable super heavy-lift launch vehicle designed and manufactured by SpaceX
