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Depression of 1893
The depression of 1893, also known as the "Panic of 1893", was an economic depression in the United States. The panic began soon after World War 1, when the stock market crashed, there was over production of goods, and people ran to the banks trying to save their money when in reality it only made things worse. -
Slums
A slum is a highly populated urban residential area consisting mostly of packed, small housing units inhabited by people in poverty. So basically slums were tightly packed housing units for the poor. -
department stores
The first ever department store (Macy's) was founded by Rowland Hussey Mac, opened four retail dry goods stores, including the original Macy's store. Department stores changed American marketing lifestyle, as to where everything you needed was all right there! -
Alcohol temperance
The temperance movement was a social movement against the consumption of alcoholic beverages. Temperance movements usually promote the abstinence of alcohol, public intoxication, or its political influence to press the government to enact alcohol laws. -
Women's suffrage
In 1848, a group of abolitionists mostly women, but some men gathered in Seneca Falls New York to discuss the problems of women's rights. This was a solution to Women's suffrage, or the right for women to vote. -
The theory of evolution
Charles Darwin's theory of evolution is the conception that species change over time, has roots in antiquity of the ancient Greeks, Romans, and Chinese as well as in medieval Islamic science. It was illegal to teach this theory at first. -
green backs
Green backs were paper currency issued by the United States during the American Civil war. They were legal by law, but not backed by gold or silver, only valid to the U.S government. -
Annexation of Australia
On July 6 1863 Queen Victoria signed the Letters Patent that formally annexed what had previously been a nameless part of New South Wales as the Northern Territory of South Australia. The document defined and named the area, laid the legal basis for government, and ensured that the Territory's citizens had the same rights to political representation as other South Australians. -
First Transcontinental railroads
The first continental railroad was a 1,912 mile continuous railroad line constructed between 1863-1869 that connected the existing eastern U.S rail network with the Pacific Coast. Construction was financed by both state and government bonds. It brought the western states and territories into alignment with the northern union states and made transporting goods and passengers coast to coast quicker and less expensive. -
Horizontal integration
Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of a supply chain. The process can lead up to a monopoly if a company captures the vast majority of the market for that product or service. -
Red river war
Th red river war was a military campaign launched by the United States army to remove the Comanche, Kiowa, Southern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Native American tribes from the Southern plains and forcibly relocated them to reservations in an Indian territory, also known as the trail of tears. -
Frances Willard
In 1874, Willard participated in the founding convention of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union where she was elected the first Corresponding Secretary. In 1876, she became head of the WCTU Publications Department. She sought and successfully obtained presidency of the National WCT. Once elected, she held the post until her death. Her tireless efforts for the temperance cause included a 50-day speaking tour in 1874. -
Battle of little big horn
The battle of little big horn was an armed engagement between combined forces of the Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes in the seventh Cavalry Regiment of the United States army. The battle, which resulted in the defeat of U.S forces, was the most significant action of the Great Sioux war of 1876. -
Phonograph
The phonograph, is a device invented by Thomas Edison for the recording and reproduction of sound. The sound vibration wave forms by using a record, and placing it on an aluminum base where it would rotate to create sound. It was a form of entertainment and social news all over America in the 1870s. -
The Light bulb
On October.14th,1878 Thomas Edison invented the first Light bulb. This will affect everyday life, as it still does. -
Mobilization of immigrants
First recorded immigrants, mostly Europeans coming into the United States . Seeking greater economic opportunities, such as jobs in the United States. The "promise land". -
Unions
For those in the industrial business, organized labor unions fought for better wages, reasonable hours, and safer working conditions. The movement pushed to end child labor, establish the minimum wages, maximum working hours, give health benefits, and aid workers whom may have gotten hurt on the job, or retired. -
Chinese exclusion act
The Chinese exclusion act was a Unites States federal law signed by President Chester B. Arthur, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers. The Chinese exclusion act was the first law implemented to prevent a specific ethnic group from migrating to the United States. The Chinese were blamed for depressed wage levels, and the public began to "demonize" Chinese workers and immigrants of any role. -
Pendleton act
The Pendleton act is a United States federal law, enacted in 1883 that made it illegal to fire or demote government officials for political reasons and prohibited campaigning on government property. -
Buffalo Bills Wild West Show
William Fredrick Cody, better known as Buffalo Bill was a United States showman famous for his Wild West show. His show would reenact famous frontier events and life in the Wild West, many tourists would come out and experience for themselves. -
Time zones
Operators of the new railroad lines needed a new time plan that would offer a uniform schedule for departures and arrivals. Four standard time zones were introduced to the United States by Sir Sanford Fleming. These time zones will be used for guiding railroad lines, and with this will come the 24 hour format we live in today. -
Helen Hunt
In 1884, Helen Hunt her novel "Ramona" brought attention to the mistreatment of Native Americans in Southern California, after the Mexican-American war. Her novel became very popular and a huge awareness for her cause. -
Laissez Faire
Laissez Faire was a policy in which Government is lenient, basically meaning lazy government. Government will let things take their own course without interfering. -
Ku Kux Klan
Founded in 1886 the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) extended into almost every southern state by 1870 and became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican Party’s Reconstruction-era policies aimed at establishing political and economic equality for blacks. Its members waged an underground campaign of intimidation and violence directed at white and black Republican leaders. -
Dawes Severalty act
Adopted by Congress, The Dawes Severalty act authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians. Those who accepted allotments and lived separately from the tribe will be granted U.S citizenship. The act lifted Native Americans out of poverty. -
Trusts
An economic method that had other companies assign their stocks to the board of trust who would manage them. This made the head of the board, or the corporate leader wealthy, and at the same time killed off competitors not in the trust. This method was used by Rockefeller, and helped him become extremely wealthy, this method was also used by monopolies. -
Sherman anti-trust act
The Sherman anti trust act was passed by congress in 1890 under presidency of Benjamin Harrison. It allowed certain business activities that federal government regulators deem to be competitive, and recommended the federal government to investigate pursue trusts. It basically protected consumers from market place abuse. -
Wounded knee massacre
U.S cavalry troops went into a camp to disarm the Lakota, during the process of disarming the Lakota a deaf tribesman named Black Coyote was reluctant to give up his rifle, then proceeded to perform a ritual called the "ghost dance", then Black Coyotes rifle went off. The disarmed Lakota warriors tried their best to fight back, but it could not be done. By the time the massacre was over 150 men, women, and children of Lakota have been killed, and 51 were wounded. -
Soup Kitchens
During the great depression of 1893, people lost everything, even the privilege of food so Al Capone opened up the very first soup kitchens to feed people during the depression. -
Radios
The first radio was invented by Guglielmo, He sent and received his first radio signal in Italy in 1895. By 1899 he flashed the first wireless signal across the English Channel and two years later received the letter "S", telegraphed from England to Newfoundland Marconi. -
Election of 1896
The United States presidential election of 1896 was the 28th presidential election, The republican candidate William McKinley defeated the democratic candidate William Jennings Bryan. The election took place during the great depression, and was a realigning election that ended the old third party system, and began the fourth party system. -
Teddy Roosevelt
Theodore "Teddy" Roosevelt is the 26th President of the United States, taking McKinleys' place after his assassination. As leader of the progressive movement, he championed his square deal domestic policies, promising the breaking of trusts, and regulation of railroads. He was a "nature guy", his goal was to preserve the nations natural resources. He did more than any other president ever has to this day in 100 days, whom presidents of the new age still try to compare to, but probably never will -
Nobel Peace prize
Brought to us by Alfred Nobel, the Nobel peace prize is an award given to those who have done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reducing of standard armies, and for holding and promotion of peace congresses. -
Jazz
Jazz originated in the African American communities of New Orleans. It was a part of the Harlem Renaissance era, representing an uprising for blacks, a beginning of new culture for African Americans -
Vertical integration
Vertical integration is where the supply chain of a company is owned by that company. Take Mcdonalds for example, there are many of them, but each one is owned by the same chain. -
Muller vs Oregon
The posed question was whether women's liberty to negotiate a contract with an employer should be equal to a mans. The law did not recognize sex based discrimination in 1908. From this case, usage of labor laws that were made to nurture women's welfare and for the benefit of all people was decided to not be a violation of the contract clause within the U.S constitution. -
Henry Fords Model T
The production of Henry Fords model T was a new era for America, the production of these new affordable cars for everyday use. -
W.E.B DuBois
Du Bois was an American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, author, writer and editor.He was the first African to earn a Doctorates degree. Du Bois was one of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. He was a protester for the lynching of blacks and brought attention to it. -
Federal reserve act
The federal reserve act was an act of congress that created and established the federal reserve system. Which created the authority to issue federal reserve notes (the United States dollar). The act was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson. -
Trench warfare
Trenches were a form of protection for the troops in World War 1, the most famous use of trench war fare was the Eastern front. -
Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand prompted the start of world war 1, Him and his wife were murdered by a member of a group called the "black hand". The assassins motives were consistent with the movement that later became known as young Bosnia. -
U.S as a natural power
The United States proclaimed its neutrality in world war 1 on August.8th,1914. Representing great economic power for nuetral states. -
Jane Addams
Jane Addams also known as "mother of social work", was an activists, social worker, public philosopher, sociologists, protester, author, and leader in women suffrage and world peace. In January, 1915 Addams became involved in women's peace party and was elected national chairman. Later then, chosen to head the commission to find an end to the war. -
The great migration
The great migration was the movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the Urban North East, West, and Midwest that occurred between 1916 and 1970, until 1910 more than 90% of African American population lived in the American South. -
Harlem Renaissance
The Harlem Renaissance was an intellectual, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, spanning the 1920s. During the time, it was known as the "New Negro Movement", named after the 1925 anthology by Alain Locke. The Movement also included the new African-American cultural expressions across the urban areas in the Northeast and Midwest United States affected by the African-American Great Migration. -
Soviet Union
The soviet union was a socialist state in Eurasia that existed from 1922 to 1991.It was founded in November 1917 by the Bolshevik Party. Led by Vladimir Lenin and, after 1923, by Josef Stalin, the Bolsheviks (later known as the Communists) established Communist rule in the former Russian Empire after the conclusion of a bitter civil war in 1921. -
Red army
The Red Army was the army and the air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, and, after 1922, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The army was established immediately after the 1917 October Revolution. The Bolsheviks raised an army to oppose the military confederations of their adversaries during the Russian Civil War. -
Espionage act
The Espionage act prohibited many forms of speech, including any disloyal, profane or abusive language about the form of government of the United States, the flag of the United States, or its military. -
Murder of the Romanovs
The Russian imperial Romanov Family were shot, bayoneted, and clubbed to death in Yekaterinburg. Why? The Bolsheviks wanted to end the three-century old Romanov dynasty. -
Argonne Forest
The battle of Argonne forest was a major part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front. It was fought from 26 September 1918 until the Armistice of 11 November 1918, a total of 47 days. The Meuse-Argonne Offensive was the largest in United States military history, involving 1.2 million American soldiers. It was one of a series of Allied attacks known as the Hundred Days Offensive, which brought the war to an end. -
Weimar republic
The Weimar republic was what is Germany, it existed in 1919-1933. The name derives from the city of Weimar, where its constitutional assembly first took place. -
Treaty of Versailles
The treaty of Versailles was the most important peace treaty, it was the treaty that brought World War 1 to an end. -
18th amendment
The 18th amendment established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages in the United States. The 18th amendment was a result of the temperance movement, which was a movement to ban alcoholic beverages, this amendment will be in effect for 13 years. -
19th amendment
The 19th amendment prohibited the States and federal government from denying a United States citizen the right to vote based off of their sex. Basically August.18th,1920's 19th amendment gave women a right to vote. -
Susan B. Anthony
Anthony was an American social reformer and women's rights activist who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. She collected anti-slavery petitions at age 17. Later her and her life long friend Elizabeth Cady Stanton arranged for Congress to be presented with an amendment giving women the right to vote. it later became known colloquially as the Susan B. Anthony Amendment. It was ratified as the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in 1920. -
Fall of the ottoman empire
The period of the defeat and end of the Ottoman Empire began with the Second Constitutional Era with the Young Turk Revolution. The constitution offered hope by freeing the empire’s citizens to modernize the state’s institutions and dissolve inter-communal tensions. Instead this period became a troublesome time for the empire.The empire joined wars and soon collapsed -
Migration act of 1924
The Immigration Act of 1924 limited the number of immigrants allowed entry into the United States through a national origins quota. The quota provided immigration visas to two percent of the total number of people of each nationality in the United States as of the 1890 national census. -
American Indian citizenship act
On June.2nd,1924 Congress granted citizenship to all Native Americans born in the U.S, without having to apply for it, or having to give up their tribal citizenship. And although the Native Americans got citizenship, some were still not allowed to vote, until later on. -
John Scopes
John Scopes was a teacher in Dayton Tennessee, who on May.5th, 1925 was charged violating the Tennessee's butler act, which prohibited the teaching of the theory of evolution. He ws tried in a case known as the Scopes trial,in which he was found guilty and fined 100$ -
Charles Lindbergh
Charles Lindbergh was an American aviator, military officer, author, inventor, explorer, and environmental activist. At age 25 in 1927 he won the Ortieg prize for making a nonstop flight from Long Island New York to Paris France alone. This was the first transatlantic flight, and the first non-stop flight between North America and mainland Europe. -
Overproduction of goods
The over production of goods was too many products, and not enough consumers buying. The supply was too big for the demand, this was a contribution to the Great depression. -
Herbert Hoover
Herbert Hoover was the 31st president. He introduced themes of efficiency in the business community and provided government support for standardization, efficiency and international trade. -
Robber Barons
Robber Barons were business men whom used unscrupulous methods to get rich. These men were basically selfish, and would do anything for the wealth. -
Women in factories
During World War 1, since men were out in war and factories needed to run, Women were placed in factories. Where working conditions were bad, wages were low, and work safety establishments had not yet been established, and days/weeks were long. -
The dust bowl
The dust bowl was a period of severe dust storms that damaged the agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930's. The dust bowl struck about 10,000 poor families to abandon their farms, unable to pay mortgages or grow crops. Causing them to migrate to California and other states. -
Reconstruction finance cooperation (RFC)
The (RFC) was a government corporation in the United States between 1932 and 1957 that provided financial support to state and local governments and made loans to banks, railroads, mortgage associations, and other businesses. Its purpose was to boost the country’s confidence and help banks resume daily functions after the start of the Great Depression. -
Election of 1932
The election took place against the backdrop of the great depression. The democratic party Franklin D Roosevelt defeated the republican party Herbert Hoover. The election marked the effective end of the Fourth Party System, which had been dominated by Republicans. -
Hoovervilles
A Hooverville was a town built by the homeless of the United States of America. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was president of the United States during the depression and was widely blamed for it. There were hundreds of Hoovervilles across the country during the depression. -
First 100 days
The first 100 days refers to Franklin D. Roosevelt's presidency accomplishments, he did more than any other president did and probably ever will in 100 days, including bringing back up the United States from the great depression, and 15 new major laws were enacted during this period. -
Bank Holiday
The bank holiday was F.D.R's way of giving the public relief from the depression, in which he closed the bank from March.6th,1933- March.13,1933. When banks reopened people came back to return their hoarded cash. -
The new deal
The new deal was a series of of federal programs public work projects, financial reforms and regulations enacted in the United States during the 1930's in response to the Great Depression. These programs included support for farmers, the unemployed, youth and the elderly as well as new constraints and safeguards on the banking industry and changes to the monetary system. -
Hitler
Adolf Hitler was the leader of the Nazi party and the chancellor of Germany from 1933-1945. As dictator, Hitler initiated World War II in Europe with the invasion of Poland in September 1939, and was central to the Holocaust. He ordered for millions of jews killed, and blamed everything on the Jews. -
Holding companies
A holding company is a company that owns other companies stocks. A holding company usually does not produce goods or service its self, instead its purpose is to own shares of other companies to form a corporate group. They also allow the reduction of risk for the owners and can allow the ownership and control of a number of companies. -
Public works association (PWA)
The PWA is a non-profit, professional association for public works agencies, private companies, and individuals dedicated to promoting professional work excellence, and public awareness through education, advocacy and the exchange of knowledge. -
Blitz Kreig
Blitz Kreig, meaning lightning war was a method in which attacks were impact full and fast, bringing in victory. German forces used it in their invasion of Poland. -
The wizard of Oz
The wizard of oz is an American fantasy color film. Legendary for its technicolor, fantasy story telling, musical score, and memorable characters such as Dorothy, Tin man, and other characters whom have been believed to retell history through fantasy. -
Invasion of Poland
The invasion of Poland by Adolf Hitler was what prompted the World War 2. The invasion was sought out by Germany, the Soviet Union, the Free City of Danzig, and a small Slovak contingent. -
Beginning of World War 2
The beginning of World war 2 was prompted by the invasion of poland. -
Munich Conference
The munich conference, or agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation, the "Sudetenland", was coined. -
Operation Barbarossa
Operation Barbarossa was the code name for the Axis invasion of the Soviet Union, during World War II. The operation stemmed from Nazi Germany's ideological aims to conquer the western Soviet Union so that it could be repopulated by Germans, to use Slavs as a slave-labour force for the Axis war-effort, and to seize the oil reserves of the Caucasus and the agricultural resources of Soviet territories. -
Battle of Leningrand
The battle of leningrand was a prolonged military blockade undertaken from the south by the German Army Group North, Spanish Blue Division and the Finnish Army in the north, against Leningrad -
Battle of Moscow
The Battle of Moscow was a military campaign that consisted of two periods of strategically significant fighting on a 600 km sector of the Eastern Front during World War II. It took place between October 1941 and January 1942. The Soviet defensive effort frustrated Hitler's attack on Moscow -
Battle of Starlingrad
The Battle of Stalingrad was a major confrontation of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad in Southern Russia -
Third Reich
The official name of the state was Deutsches Reich, also known as the third Reich. It is the period of when Germany was transformed into a totalitarian state under rule by Adolf Hitler. -
Tehran conference
The Tehran Conference was a strategy meeting of Joseph Stalin, Franklin D. Roosevelt, and Winston Churchill from 28 November to 1 December 1943, after the Anglo-Soviet Invasion of Iran. It was held in the Soviet Union's embassy in Tehran, Iran. It was the first of the World War II conferences of the "Big Three" Allied leaders. -
D-Day
D-day was the beginning of the END of World war 2. The United States and allied troops invaded at Normandy. This was the largest air, land, and sea invasion in history. The goal was to surprise Germany, but Germany was ready to fight. -
Yalta conference
The Yalta Conference, also known as the Crimea conference and code named the Argonaut Conference, was the World War II meeting of the heads of government of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union for the purpose of discussing Europe's postwar reorganization -
Death of F.D.R
Roosevelt's health had noticeably deteriorated. His ashen-grey complexion and physical weakness was noticeable. The president was suffering a massive cerebral hemorrhage that would end his life in minutes. -
Battle of Berlin
The Battle of Berlin, designated the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union, and also known as the Fall of Berlin, was the final major offensive of the European theatre of World War II -
potsdam conference
The Potsdam Conference was a meeting of the Allied Powers in order to come to an agreement on various issues involving the end of World War II.
