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Pietro Metastasio
Court poet in Vienna; most important author of librettos for the 18th century; his libretti were set over 800 times in the 18th and 19th centuries. -
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Johann Adolf Hasse
German composer of Italian opera; from the 1730s to the 1760s he was the most admired composer of opera seria in Italy and Germany; he was praised by most. -
Period: to
Farinelli
One of the most famous castrati in the 18th century; trained by Porpora. -
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Baldassare Galuppi
Galant Italian composer, instrumentalist; key in the development of the 18th-century comic opera; Burney considered him the best composer of comic opera in Italy; worked in Venice, London, Milan and Vienna; collaborated with librettist Carlo Goldoni. -
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Carlo Goldoni
Italian playwright and librettist; responsible for elevating opera buffa to an art form. -
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Franz Xaver Richter
German composer, teacher, and singer; the innovator of the string quartet; one of the foremost Mannheim composers. -
Period: to
Christoph Willibald Gluck
German opera-reform composer, often considered Baroque; created a new balance between music and drama; jealous of Mozart. -
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Niccolo Jommelli
Galant Italian composer; important to opera reforms in the middle of the century; considered one of the greatest composer of his day; respected by Mozart -
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Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach
Galant; eldest son of J.S. Bach; wrote in both Baroque and classic styles; associated with "sentimental" style; worked for 30 years in Berlin for Frederick the Great. -
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Prince Nikolaus J. Eszterhazy
Haydn's patron and employer until 1790 -
Period: to
Johann Stamitz
Galant, symphonic innovator in Mannheim; conductor, violinst, and teacher; he helped to establish the symphonic genre. -
Period: to
Leopold Mozart
Composer, violinist, teacher, theorist, and father of Wolfgang. -
Period: to
Giovanni Marco Rutini
Italian composer, teacher, and keyboardist; his keyboard works represent a transition from works for harpsichord to works for piano. -
Period: to
Dr. Charles Burney
Music historian, author, and organist who traveled Europe and wrote about his observations. -
Period: to
Tommaso Traetta
Italian composer and teacher; important as an opera reform composer in the middle of the 18th century. -
Period: to
Miccolo Piccinni
Italian composer; he was a central figure in Italian and French opera from1750 to 1800; admired by Burney as one the four greatest composers in Italy with Sacchini, Jommelli, and Galuppi. -
Period: to
Antonio Sacchini
Italian composer; admired by Bernie as one of the four greatest composers in Italy along with Jommelli, Galuppi, and Piccinni; his serious operas were most respected. -
Period: to
Franz Joseph Haydn
A primary Austrian composer who served as an innovator and mover within the new classic style; teacher, keyboardist, and violinist. -
Period: to
Francois-Joseph Gossec
Netherlands composer active in France; he was central to Parisian musical life and contributed to the development of French music. -
Period: to
Johann Christian Bach
Worked in Milan and London; son of J.S. Bach; friend and influence to Mozart; set up concert series in London with Abel. -
Period: to
Johann Baptist Vanhal
Czech composer and teacher; active mostly in Vienna; important to instrumental music. -
Period: to
Christian Friedrich Daneil Schubart
German composer, poet, keyboardist, and writer, Burney praised his keyboard playing for its virtuosity -
Period: to
Classical Era Invention
Piano
Indoor Plumbing -
Period: to
Classical Era Genres
Sonata, opera, aria, dance, fanfare -
Period: to
Classical Era Stylistic Traits
Emotional expression,
Polythematic.
Humor,
Simple melodies and rhythms,
Homophony, counterpoint, polyphony,
Sonata, rondo, ternary forms,
Written dynamics and expressive markings -
Period: to
Giovanni Paisiello
Italian composer and teacher, one of the most successful and prolific opera composers of the late 18th century. -
Period: to
Andre-Ernest-Modeste Gretry
French composer contributed especially to the development of French opera -
Period: to
Luigi Boccherini
Italian composer and cellist -
Period: to
William Billings
most prominent composer in the new America, singing teacher, not a strong composer -
Period: to
Domencio Cimarosa
Italian composer, a central figure in opera in late 18th century, extraordinarily successful -
Period: to
Lorenzo Da Ponte
Italian librettist and poet, collaborated with Mozart, moved to the US -
Period: to
Antonio Salieri
Italian composer and teacher -
Period: to
Johann Friedrich Reichardt
German composer and writer -
Period: to
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
Child prodigy, wrote in all genres, best innovations were in opera, the epitome of classic style, one of the best musicians and composers of all time. -
American Revolution