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lynching
of a mob or to kill someone especially done by hanging for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial. often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish people. -
desegregation
the ending of a policy of racial segregation. -
jim crow laws
had become pejorative expression meaning "negro". when southern legislatures passed laws of racial segregation directed against black at the end of the 19th century. these statutes became know as jim crow laws. -
black codes
black codes were laws passed by democrat controlled southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the civil war. these laws had intent and the effect of restriction african americans freedom and of compelling them to work in a labor economy based on low wages or debt. -
sharecropping / tenant farming
after the american civil war, southern plantation owners were challenged to find help working the lands that slaves had farmed. taking advantage of the former slaves desire to own their own farms, plantation owners used arrangements called sharecropping and tenant farming. -
13th amendment
declared that neither slavery nor involuntary servitude except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the united states or any place subject to their jurisdiction. -
14th amendment
Dresses many aspects of citizenship and the rights of citizens. mostly know as "equal protection of the laws" with figures prominently in a wide variety of landmark cases. -
15th amendment
granted african american men the right to vote by declaring that the right of citizens of the united states ti cote shall not be denied or abridged by the united states or by any state on account of race, color or previous condition of servitude. -
Poesy v. Ferguson
was a landmark constitutional law case of the US supreme court decided in 1896. it upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of separate but equal. the decision was handled down by a vote of 7 to 1 with the majority opinion written by justice John Marshall Harlan. -
Rosa Parks
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was ann activist in the Civil Rights Movement. The united states Congress called her "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".she is also known for her refusing to giver her seat to a white passenger on a segregated Montgomery, Alabama bus. -
civil disobedience
was the refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. sometimes defined as having to be nonviolent to be called civil disobedience. therefore it is equated with nonviolent resistance -
Betty Friedan
Betty Friedan was an american writer, activist, and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United states. Her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited -
Martin Luther King Jr.
Martin Luther King Jr. was an american Baptist minister and activist who became the most visible spokesperson and leader in the Civil Rights Movement. He is best known fro his role in the advancement of civil rights using the tactics of nonviolence and civil disobedience based on his christian beliefs. He is also known for his "I have a dream speech". -
CORE
stands for the congress of racial equality. is an african american civil rights organization in the united states that played a pivotal role of african americans in the civil rights movement. -
Brown v. Board of education
was a landmark of the united states supreme court case with the court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.the decision allowed state-sponsored segregation, insofar as it applied to public education. It was handed down on May 17, 1954. -
Emmett till
emmett till was a 14 year old african american who was lynched in mississippi in 1955, after a white woman said she was offended by him in her family's grocery store. -
Montgomery bus boycott
a seminal event in the civil rights movement. was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation. -
SCLC
stands for the southern christian leadership conference. it is an african american civil rights organization. SCLC with is closely associated with its first president, Martin luther king Jr, had a large role in the american civil rights movement. -
little rock nine
the little rock nine was a group of nine african american students enrolled in little rock central high school. -
civil rights act of 1957
primarily a voting rights bill, was the first federal civivl rights legislation passed by the united states congress since the civil rights act of 1875 -
sit-ins
was a series of non violent protest in greensboro, north Carolina. it led to the woolworth department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the southern united states -
freedom riders
were civil rights activist who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern united states, in 1961 and subsequent years, in order to challenge the non-enforcement of the united states. -
Cesar chavez
Was an american labor leader and civil rights activist. He was an Mexican American farm worker, Chavez became the best known Latino American civil right activist. His public relations approach to unionism and aggressive but nonviolent tactics made the farm workers struggle a moral cause with nationwide support. -
ole miss integration
riots erupted on the campus of the university of Mississippi in Oxfords were students and locals had gathered to protest the enrollment of James Meredith. James was a black air force veteran attempting to integrate the all-white school. -
George wallace
Wallace was an american politician and the $5th governor of Alabama. He served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as democrat.He was a U.S presidential candidate for four Consecutive elections. -
March on washington
was for jobs and freedom. the march on washington was held in washington D.C on wednesday august 28, 1963. -
U of alabama integration
segregation forever. when african american students attempted to desegregate the university of Alabama in June 1963. Alabama's new governor flanked by state troopers literally blocked the door of the enrollment office -
civil rights act of 1964
s a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the united states that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
voting rights act of 1965
signed into law by president Lyndon johnsnon august 6, 1965 to overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that preventer african americans from exercising their right to vote under the 15ht amendment to the constitution of the united states. -
Hector P. Garcia
Hector was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. As a result of the national prominence he earned through his work on behalf of hispanic americans. he was named as alternate representative to the United Nations in 1967. -
black panthers
was formed in California in 1966 and they played a short but important part in the civil rights movement. they believed that the non-violent campaign pf martin luther king had failed and any promised changes to their lifestyle via the "tradition", civil rights movement, would take too long to be implemented pr simply not introduced. -
Stokely carmichael
was a Trinidadian-American who became a prominent figure in the Civil Rights Movement and the global Pan-African movement. He grew up in the United States from the age of 11 and became an activist while he attended Howard University. He would eventually become active in the Black Power movement, first as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was an associate justice of the supreme court of the united states. Serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the court's 966th justice and its first african-american justice. -
Orval Faubus
Orval Eugene Faubus served six consecutive terms as governor of Arkansas, holding the office longer than any other person. His record was in many ways progressive, but he is mostly widely remembered for his attempt to block the desegregation of Little Rock's Central high School in 1957. His stand against what he called "forced integration" resulted in President Dwight D. Eisenhower's sending federal troops to Little Rock to enforce the 1954 desegregation ruling of the supreme court. -
Lester Maddox
Lester Garfield Maddox Sr. was an American politician who served as the 75th Governor of the U.s state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971.He was a populist who refused to serve black customers in his Atlanta restaurant, in defiance of the Civil Rights Act. He later served as Lieutenant Governor during the time that jimmy carter was governor. -
Title IX (9)
the president signed Title IX of the education amendments of 1972. title IX is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination. -
Affirmative action
reservation in India and nepal. positive action in the Uk, and employment in canada and south africa -
non violent protest
is the practice of achieving goals such as social change through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, while being nonviolent.
