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American Civil War
On April 12th, The American Civil War begins and lasts until April 9, 1865. Thousands of enslaved African Americans varied from all ages escaped to Union lines for freedom. In some areas, Contraband camps were set up, where blacks started building their knowledge to read and write; the others traveled with the Union Army. By the end of the war, more than 180,000 African Americans (mostly from the South) fought with the Navy and Union Army as members of the US Colored Troops and sailors. -
Frémont Emancipation in Missouri
Frémont Emancipation in Missouri was part of a proclamation issued by Major General John C. Frémont on August 30, 1861 in St. Louis, Missouri during the early months of the American Civil War. The state of Missouri was placed under martial law. The property of those bearing arms would be confiscated. If the property included slaves, they would be confiscated, and declared free. And people would also face capital punishment for those that rebelled against the government. -
Maryland Constitution of 1864
Controversial election results in approval of the Maryland Constitution of 1864; emancipation in Maryland.The Maryland Constitution of 1864 was the third of the four constitutions which have governed the U.S. state of Maryland. This constitution was controversial and was only in effect until 1867. It was a short-lived document. -
The Ku Klux Klan is formed
The Ku Klux Klan is formed in Pulaski, Tennessee, and made up of white Confederate veterans; it becomes a paramilitary insurgent group to enforce white supremacy. Also the Ku Klux Klan engaged in terrorist raids against African Americans and white Republicans at night, employing intimidation, destruction of property, assault, and murder to achieve its aims and influence upcoming elections. -
Civil rights activist Octavius Catto is murdered
Octavius Catto is murdered during harassment of blacks on Election Day in Philadelphia. He was a was a black educator, intellectual, and civil rights activist in Philadelphia. On election day in Philadelphia, Catto was murdered by people who came from Ireland. The Irish of the Democratic Party opposed black suffrage, and so they attacked black men, on election day, to prevent their voting for Republican candidates. -
The State Normal School for Colored Students is Founded
Florida Agricultural and Mechanical University was founded as the State Normal College for Colored Students, on October 3, 1887. When the school opened, it started off with classes of fifteen students and two instructors. At the time, the school opened alot of doors for black citizens living in Alabama. Though it wasn't a very important civil event in history, but it gave black students an opportunity to progress their education and further career options in agriculture and medicine. -
Plessy vs. Fergason
Even though slavery was abolished in the United States in 1865, racial discrimination did not end with it, not untill a man named Homer Plessy decided to change things. He sat in the section of a railroad car that was for whites only. As he expected, he was arrested after he refused to move. Judge Ferguson of Louisiana ruled against Plessy's argument, and Plessy's lawyer argued that Louisiana's Separate Car Act violated the 13th and 14th Amendments. In the end, "seperate but equal" is now a law. -
Louisiana Enacts the First State-Wide Grandfather Clause
Louisiana enacts the first state-wide grandfather clause in 1898. The clause contributes to impunity for uneducated whites to voter registration literacy test requirements. So now whites have an excuse not to take registration literacy tests becasue the grandfather clause gives whites the freedom to take those literacy tests. -
President Woodrow Wilson orders Resegregation
President Woodrow Wilson was recently elected, and he decided to take a twist on things. The president ordered physical resegration (the state or condition of being segregated) on federal work places and employment after 50 years of mixed (blacks and whites) facilities. Now that causes segragation (being seperated due to race) 50 years after the races being integrated. -
Negro National Legue established
The Negro National League was established in the United States at a time when organized baseball was segregated. The league was led by Rube Foster, who was the owner and manager of the Chicago American Giants.The league first operated in midwestern cities and expanded into the south in 1924. -
Rosewood Massacre
On January 1, 1923 a massacre was carried out in the small, mainly black town of Rosewood in Central Florida. First, a white women claimed that she had been sexually assaulted by a black man; a group of white men took it out on an African American named Jesse Hunter. Later on, other rumors and fights went on in that town, and it ended up causing a mob of white men to attack African Americans in the neighborhood. At least 6 African Americans and 2 whites were killed in this horrible violence. -
Chamber vs. Florida- Black Men Released
Chamber vs. Florida was a U.S Supreme Court case that dealt with the extent that police pressure resulting in a criminal defendant's confession violates the Due Process clause. Four Black co-defendants were convicted of murder and sentenced to death for the 1933 robbery and murder of an elderly white man in Pompano, Florida. They had no access to a lawyer and were physically tortured. The U.S. Supreme Court overturned the 4 convictions and the 4 men were released.
