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Robert Morris
Too many different Robert Morris came up for me to Identify which one you wanted up here -
Gerrymandering
gerrymandering is a practice intended to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating district boundaries -
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Segregation
Separation of individuals or groups and especially racial groups.
.In 1947 the first "Freedom Riders" tested the laws of interstate bus travel in the segregated South. The African-American Civil Rights Movement emerged in 1954. Their goal was to end racial segregation and discrimination against black Americans, particularly in the South. -
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Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African-American justice.Before becoming a judge, Marshall was a lawyer who was best known for his high success rate in arguing before the Supreme Court and for the victory in Brown v. Board of Education. He served on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit after being appointed by President John F. Kennedy. -
Rosa Parks
(February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005)Rosa Parks was an activist in the Civil Rights Movement, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".On December 1, 1955, in Montgomery, Alabama, Parks refused to obey bus driver James F. Blake's order to give up her seat in the colored section to a white passenger, after the white section was filled. Parks was not the first person to resist bus segregation. -
Malcolm X
was an African-American Muslim minister and human rights activist. To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans; detractors accused him of preaching racism and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history.(May 19, 1925 – February 21, 1965) -
Martin Luther king Jr.
(January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)King became a civil rights activist early in his career. He led the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott With the SCLC, King led an unsuccessful 1962 struggle against segregation in Albany, Georgia, and helped organize the 1963 nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama. King also helped to organize the 1963 March on Washington, where he delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech. -
Nation of Islam
The Nation of Islam, abbreviated as NOI, is an African American political and religious movement, founded in Detroit, Michigan, United States, by Wallace D. Fard Muhammad on July 4, 1930.Its stated goals are to improve the spiritual, mental, social, and economic condition of African Americans in the United States and all of humanity. Critics have described the organization as being black supremacist[4] and antisemitic The Southern Poverty Law Center tracks the NOI as a hate group -
Stokely Carmichael
June 29, 1941 – November 15, 1998) was a Trinidadian-American who became a prominent figure in the Civil Rights Movement and the global Pan-African movement. He grew up in the United States from the age of 11 and became an activist while he attended Howard University. He would eventually become active in the Black Power movement, first as a leader of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). -
Core
The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement. Founded in 1942. Its stated mission is "to bring about equality for all people regardless of race, creed, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, religion or ethnic background. -
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Warren Court
The Warren Court expanded civil rights, civil liberties, judicial power, and the federal power in dramatic ways.[1)The court was both applauded and criticized for bringing an end to racial segregation in the United States, incorporating the Bill of Rights (i.e. including it in the 14th Amendment Due Process clause), and ending officially sanctioned voluntary prayer in public schools -
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr, had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement. -
Little Rock Arkansas 1957
While some school districts began developing strategies to resist public school desegregation, school officials at Little Rock, Arkansas stated that they would comply with the Supreme Court's ruling. -
Little Rock Nine
The Little Rock Nine was of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the segregated school.The U.S. Supreme Court issued its historic Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, on May 17, 1954. Tied to the 14th Amendment, the decision declared all laws establishing segregated schools to be unconstitutional, it called for the desegregation of all schools throughout the nation. -
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
One of the most important organizations of the Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s.It emerged from a student meeting organized by Ella Baker held at Shaw University in April 1960. Many unpaid volunteers also worked with on projects SNCC played a major role in the sit-ins and freedom rides, a leading role in the 1963 March on Washington, Mississippi Freedom Summer, and the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party over the next few years. -
24th Amendment
of the United States Constitution prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax. The amendment was proposed by Congress to the states on August 27, 1962, and was ratified by the states on January 23, 1964. -
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
open letter written on April 16, 1963, by Martin Luther King Jr. The letter defends the strategy of nonviolent resistance to racism. It says that people have a moral responsibility to break unjust laws and to take direct action rather than waiting potentially forever for justice to come through the courts. Responding to being referred to as an "outsider," King writes, "Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere". -
Letter from a Birmingham Jail
King had been arrested, Dr. King had counted on for support simultaneously published a letter entitled A Call for Unity, which was critical of King and his supporters. King's letter, in turn, identifies and responds to each of the nine specific criticisms that he understands are being made by these men, specifically, and by the white church and its leadership, more generally. King responds to each of these nine charges to create the structure of his 'Letter from Birmingham Jail.' -
March on Washington D.C
More than 200,000 Americans gathered in Washington, D.C., for a political rally known as the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. Organized by a number of civil rights and religious groups, the event was designed to shed light on the political and social challenges African Americans continued to face across the country. -
Freedom Summer
Freedom Summer, or the Mississippi Summer Project, was a volunteer campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi. Blacks had been cut off from voting since the turn of the century due to barriers to voter registration and other laws. The project also set up dozens of Freedom Schools, Freedom Houses, and community centers in small towns throughout Mississippi to aid the local black population. -
Civil rights act of 1964
Is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
Selma to Montgomery 1965
On 25 March 1965, Martin Luther King led thousands of nonviolent demonstrators to the steps of the capitol in Montgomery, Alabama, after a 5-day, 54-mile march from Selma, Alabama, where local African Americans, the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) had been campaigning for voting rights. -
Voting Rights Act 1965
A law passed at the time of the civil rights movement. It eliminated various devices, such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by African American people. -
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Watts Riot
On August 11, 1965, an African-American motorist was arrested for suspicion of drunk driving. A minor roadside argument broke out, and then escalated into a fight. The community reacted in outrage to allegations of police brutality that soon spread, and six days of looting and arson followed. Los Angeles police needed the support of nearly 4,000 members of the California Army National Guard to quell the riots. -
Miranda Rights
The Miranda warning, which also can be referred to as the Miranda rights, is a right to silence warning given by police in the United States to criminal suspects in police custody (or in a custodial interrogation) before they are interrogated to preserve the admissibility of their statements against them in criminal proceedings. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action (known as reservation in India and Nepal and positive discrimination in the UK; also known in a narrower context as employment equity in Canada and South Africa) is the policy of favouring members of a disadvantaged ethnic group who suffer or have suffered from discrimination within a culture.[1][2][3][4] Often, these people are disadvantaged for historical reasons, such as oppression or slavery. -
Sit Ins/Freedom Rider
Sit Ins-The Fellowship of Reconciliation (FOR) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) conducted sit-ins as early as the 1940s. Freedom Riders-Freedom Riders were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years in order to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Morgan v. Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960),which ruled that segregated public buses were unconstitutional. -
Black Panthers
Revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization founded in October 1966.and in Algeria from 1969 until 1972.At its inception on October 15,1966, the Black Panther Party's core practice was its armed citizens' patrols to monitor the behavior of officers of the Oakland Police Department and challenge police brutality in Oakland, California. In 1969, community social programs became a core activity of party members. -
Fannie Lou Hammer
Was an American voting rights activist, a leader in the Civil Rights Movement, and philanthropist who worked primarily in Mississippi. She was instrumental in organizing Mississippi's Freedom Summer for the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). She was the vice-chair of the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, which she represented at the 1964 Democratic National Convention in Atlantic City, New Jersey. -
MFPD
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