childhood

Egypt

5000 BCE

Children are seen as the result of the union of two bodies, seen from the marital concept. In addition, the children of the nobility, were seen with greater importance, since they would be the real successors. The hierarchy was too strict, so each child received a different education depending on their social class. In general, the only children who could receive education and could also participate in society, were the children of royalty and those belonging to the middle class

Greece

1800 BCE

The child is considered as an adult project, which lacks the qualities to develop by itself as a good citizen, has deficiencies in its character and is aimed at the so-called "intellectual education" where the child is taught about laws, moral and obligations, able to perform successfully in front of society.

Rome

950 BCE

The child is educated by violent and savage methods, in order to end their fears. There were even laws that led to the beating of children into the public domain, where he explained that "if the child is hit until he bleeds, he will remember, but if he is beaten to death, the law will apply." In some central regions of Rome, and in Sparta, it was especially applied in the middle class, that children were taught early on to be soldiers with incredibly violent methods.

Greece

350 BCE

The first "recognition" of the concept of childhood is presented. Several sharps began to discuss the importance of this stage in the life of any person. Plutarch for his part thinks that childhood is a crucial stage for the development of "human nature", children begin to be seen in theaters, and Rome for its part, varies the methods of education, from extreme sports to oratory, to same time that Aristotle develops his thought of "free man"

2nd century

101

This era was strongly marked by infanticide, where some women when giving birth begged their mothers not to kill their children. On the other hand, many adults refused to take care of them and were thrown into rivers, dung or trenches, exposed on roads or hills and also put in jars until they died of hunger. Infanticide was present mostly in illegitimate children or products of the adulterated relationships of women, or those that presented deformities or physical defects.

5th century

401

The idea appears that the child is born as a perverse, malicious and corrupt being, in general, bad by nature. Therefore, the idea of liberal education disappears completely and it is thought that the child needs to be educated with discipline and punishment. It is no longer looking for free men capable of thinking for themselves, but rather that the goal of education is based on serving God, the church and its representatives with total submission to the authority of the church.

Asylum for abandoned children

787

The finding of abandoned children was supposed to be announced to the church, and Dateo of Milan founded the first exclusive asylum for abandoned babies. Soon other countries begin to follow the same pattern of evolution.

13th Century

1201

For the first time, the idea of the child as a homunculus appears, that is, the lower state of a human being who is in transition from being an adult or reaching his superior state. At this time it was thought that education in arts and sciences should be offered only to men. In the course of this age, children were transferred to the crusades by religious and military organizations.

17th century, Renaissance

1601

The mother is recognized as the main source of education for the children. It also idealizes children as academics and this time it is education that adapts to them. The thought of the time is that "newborns are like an empty table, and it is the experience that fills them with knowledge".

Rousseau

1762

He thinks that childhood is a period of innocence, in which as a child he does not yet know the dangers of society. It seeks to train the child through awareness, senses and intelligence, since it is considered that children are capable of learning

The children's letter of 1889

1889

The first law that supports children in parliament is created, which applies to the prevention of cruelty to children. For the first time the state can intervene with all the right between parent and child relations, they have the authorization to capture anyone who is or has mistreated a child. You can even break into a house if you think a child is in a dangerous situation. In addition, this law included the employment and begging of children as an illegal act.

Convention for the rights of children

1950

After this convention is achieved that children are seen as social beings with rights as well as duties. It is established for the first time that the society or state must provide the child with primary education, protection and care, to satisfy their basic needs and to achieve their integral well-being. A school ideal is developed, where the child is able to adapt socially and morally, in addition, help in the development of skills and support in the stages of cognitive development.

The industrial revolution

1970

This revolution, despite being bad news for the workforce, brings good news for children, since with industrialization and the appearance of the bourgeoisie, child labor is drastically reduced. When this happens, children no longer have time to occupy their time, and there is a need to enroll them to receive an education. In addition, with the emergence of the societies and the family outing, it creates a closer relationship between parents and children.

Rights of children

1989

It is accepted for the first time that all children have rights like other human beings in the first international convention. It is aimed at a greater recognition of this as a person and citizen belonging to society which is able to participate in it, capable of thinking for itself and without the need to be educated through authoritarianism and violence.

XXI century

2000

Childhood is defined as the space that goes from birth to adolescence, and it is explained that many things that for young people or adults may be appropriate, may not be appropriate for a child. It is recognized that children are the owners of their rights and are able to participate in their development. Likewise, the government is encouraged to provide the material assistance that the child requires, and primarily to avoid the separation of children with their families.

Rights of children

2001

Included as their right, to associate with both parents, human identity and also basic needs and physical protection, such as food, universal education that is paid by the state, medical care and criminal laws that are consistent with their age. There is talk of the freedom of discrimination based on race, sexual orientation, gender, national origin, religion, color, etc.