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Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine prevented the Europeans to establish any new colonies in the Western Hemisphere. The doctrine was later expand by intervening with the Caribbean to protect economical interests from America. This doctrine helped to save many of America's land from other countries such as Europe countries. -
Nativisim
Nativism is the start to how the U.S. restricted the immigration in the country both born or native in the U.S. The U.S. was argued to have taken the jobs away from other Americans with low wages. This restricted the want of immigrants in the work places, such as the Chinese Exclusion Act. -
Indian Removal
The removal of indians was given permission from the federal government to force the indians to relocate living in the east to the west. Andrew Jackson was the one who passed this desire to relocate the Native Americans to have more land and search for gold. The removal of indians led to the belief of the Manifest Destiny to migrate to the west and destroy the indian tribes. -
Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny was the calling of God to go out West and start a new life their, in the 19th Century. This calling was for all Americans who had enough money and could survive to move West, typically the middle class. The Manifest Destiny gave inspiration to start a new life and create a new success, bring everything from their homeland to establish in their new home. -
Immigration & The American Dream
Immigration to the West was a want for many immigrants who were in the South, especially the African Americans. They saw the West to the free land, where man could be free and live free. Many of these African Americans and other immigrants escaped from the civilized communities to the West. This was the American Dream these immigrants dreamt of approaching, some succeeded and other did not. -
Bessemer Process
The Bessemer Process was invented to produce steel more economically. Before the Bessemer process, it would take a whole day to make 5 tons of steel, the same amount can be produced with the Bessemer process in about 15 minutes. This invention was important because it was the start in which the Second Industrial Revolution would be placed in, producing products faster and efficient. -
Homestead Act
Federal government sold unsettled land from the public for $1.25, before the Civil War. Laws were created to expand over to the West, Lincoln signed the Homestead Act over this. This act gave freedom for citizens to occupy 160 acres of the government land. If the settler of the land made a vast improvement in the land, the settler was granted ownership over the land. This meant making a home and grow crops after five years of settling in the land. -
Political Machines
Political Machines were political "bosses" that controlled immigrants and supporters of the machines what to do. These machines offered jobs for those immigrants and poor in order to receive their vote. This control of political "bosses" controlled elected officials in local government, one famous political "boss" is Boss Tweed of Tammany Hall. -
Urbanization
Movement of groups of people from the cities and towns to the countryside, is urbanization. The growth of population increases from 1865 to 1900 is an example of urbanization. The importance of urbanization is to continue the businesses and stabilize the country. But having too much people can destroy urbanization with transportation, public services and social issues. -
The Gilded Age
The Glided Age consisted of entrepreneurs to create a business but run it differently by lowering their prices on products. The low cost on their products led to having a huge profit to themselves this made many entrepreneurs to become rich. This time period was how many made their money, it was creating immense wealth. -
Populism
The populism organization was formed to focus on the social isolation of farm life. This such organization later turned into a Populist Party which demanded for free coinage of silver. This organization is mostly supportive of the farm life in America. -
Social Gospel
The social gospel was a social movement that a Protestant clergyman started. The Protestant ministers were in the process of social reforms which did include child labor and making the factories a safer place to work at. This movement was in Christians which were called from God to act on being charitable and be good to those they are saving, especially those in factories—children. This social gospel is important because it supported like what women supported. -
Robber Barons (Captains of Industry)
The Robber Barons were the modern industrial economy. These entrepreneurs were ruthless tactics that would destroy any competition to keep employee's wages low. Andrew Carnegie and John D. Rockefeller were the famous most successful entrepreneurs. -
Industrialization
The industrialization was the shift from all man doing the work into machines doing all the work, in a faster pace. The importance of the industrialization was the fact that the produce of product was faster than one person or many people combined could do without these machines. Creating faster products leads to having a faster pay of money and distributing to other places in the country. -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first law to ever restrict immigrants to the U.S. which the U.S was against the Asian community. Chinese were treated unfairly, like in California, Chinese workers were blamed for unemployment and decreased wages. Chinese were not allowed to gain citizenship nor come back to the U.S if they left the country. The Chinese were also banned from working and were caused to be placed in a new requirement. -
Eugene V. Debs
Eugene V. Debs was the leader of the American Railroad Union and was apart from the Pullman Strike. The strike caused Debs to get arrested, which led him to change to socialism. Later campaigning for presidency from 1900 to 1920, five times. -
Haymarket Riot
The Chicago Haymarket Riot was created after someone threw a bomb at police during a labor protest in Chicago Haymarket Square. There was a possibility that members from this protest threw the bomb at the police. The riot caused a trial, executions and public opinion to occur, this separated people. -
Dawes Act
The Dawes Act consisted Native Americans to undergo an adaptation of the American culture. This act got rid of all Native American tribe culture and replaced with U.S. culture. Native Americans were made into newly people that knew nothing about their tribe or culture. -
Susan B. Anthony
Susan B. Anthony was a prominent reformer, who fought for women's rights to vote. She defended her right to vote based off the Fourteenth Amendment, but the Supreme Court ruled that though women were citizens they could not vote. Anthony lead the National American Woman Suffrage Association along side with Elizabeth Cady Stanton. -
Progressivism
Progressivism is the meaning of economic and social issues rapid. The progressivism was a meaning that went throughout the Progressive Era where lots of people petitioned about the dangers of industrial work places. The industrial work places include the child labor that did not get enough wage and was in danger for the machines in the work places, women tried to convince men to vote for these children to get out of the labor and have a restriction. -
Recall
Recall was a Progressive Political Reform that helped end corruption and help make state government be more directly accountable by the people. Recall is when a voting occurs in a special election is done to remove an elected officials from office. This recall was important because it gives the people power to vote for the elected officials who are not doing a good job for the state government. -
Andrew Carnegie
Andrew Carnegie created a corporation to sell ironworks, also buying other steel mills. He founded the Carnegie Steel Corporation which bought from iron ore fields and coal mines. The salary of the workers were low paid with long hour shifts, mostly 12 hours. Carnegie was the first to act in philanthropy, by building schools and libraries with the money invested in the corporation. -
Yellow Journalism
During the Spanish-American War, yellow journalism was created. Newspapers from yellow journalism sensationalized news, stating Spaniards to be murderous brutes to sell more newspapers. Mostly all the articles of the newspaper were made up news. The fake news increased the availability to the public, increasing sells of newspapers. -
William Jennings Bryan
William Jennings Bryan was nominated for president in the Democratic Party, after he spoke his speech a convention. His speech was very famous, "Cross of Gold" it spoke out to farmers and denounced bankers. The Populist Party supported Bryan, but because of Bryan's moral outrage, voters were frightened of him, causing William McKinley to win the election. -
Klondike Gold Rush
The Klondike Gold Rush became a search for gold in Rabbit Creak, near Dawson, Yukon region of Canada, where Yukon Indians settled. Gold was found in this region which made most of these stallholders, named Klondike Kings, to be very wealthy. The only issue of going to Rabbit Creak was the temperature which was freezing cold. Many died going to find gold, some made it made money out of it. -
Theodore Roosevelt
President after William McKinley's assassination, Roosevelt became a trust-buster. He tried to stop businesses that were unfair and used anti-competitive practices, these businesses were referred to trusts. But not all trusts, he separated the trusts between "good trusts" and "bad trusts". This led Roosevelt to create the Square Deal which protected consumer's health and halt false advertisement. -
Pure Food and Drug Act
Roosevelt created a "Square Deal" to protect all U.S. citizens from health and prevent false advertising. Pure Food and Drug act protected consumers by regulating the preparation of food and the sale of drugs. This helped prevent anyone from getting sick or die from drugs or bad food. -
Muckraker
Muckrakers were considered the writers who raked up the dirt of American life. These writers analyzed the rise of industry as well as the abuses which led to large fortunes. The writers would also look at the business practices which affected consumers and the lives of not much wealthy people. The muckrakers were considered the first Progressives who identified political and social issues and made the effort to fix them. -
Upton Sinclair
Upton Sinclair is the author of the novel, "The Jungle", which was published in the early 1900s. The novel was published during the Progressive era, which explained the truth of how the meat industry sold their food. This book affected the American government and federal policy which caused a need to investigate and inspect the meat being distributed. -
Ida B. Wells
Ida B. Wells was also apart of the social reform movement, lynching focused on the negative affect of lynching. She focused on how lynching was a tactic used on African Americans, specifically in the South states. Wells made an organization to stop lynching, the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. -
16th Amendment
The sixteenth amendment gives Congress the ability or power to tax incomes. Giving this power to Congress allows the government to keep an army, expand transportation, make laws and carry out important duties. This was established in the year of 1909. -
Initiative & Referendum
Initiative and Referendum are progressive political reforms which end corruption and help make the government more directly trustworthy to the people. Initiative gives the voters direct introduce bills in the state legislature, which gives the voters the chance to whether pass bills or not. Referendum gives the voters the privilege to have compel legislators seek approval from a bill on ballot. -
Dollar Diplomacy
The dollar diplomacy was the investment in the countries of the Caribbean region made by President Taft. This investment promoted the American foreign policy goals. The dollar diplomacy was mostly loaning money with different countries such as Nicaragua. Troops were sent to Nicaragua to make sure the money was fully repaid. -
Federal Reserve Act
The Federal Reserve Act reformed the banking industry by creating 12 regional Federal Reserve Banks. These banks were reserved for "banker's banks". This act later controlled the amount of money banks could lend to clients. -
17th Amendment
The seventeenth amendment is about the right to for senators are elected based upon the popular vote. Before this amendment, senators were picked by state legislatures. This amendment allows U.S. citizens to be more active with the government and choosing who will be the senators. -
Jane Addams
Jane Addams contributed to the social reformers. Her main goal was to have peace distributed all over the country. She was the leader of the settlement house, which was a community center for poor people in big neighborhoods. -
18th Amendment
The eighteenth amendment gives the right to banned selling alcoholic beverages. This was created by Willard and other reformers to persuade to be allowed to pass this amendment. This amendment caused many Americans to believe Prohibition to be wrong and forces them to believe in their moral beliefs. -
19th Amendment
The nineteenth amendment gives the right for all women to vote. Granting this right was a privilege for women, because now being able to votes gives women the opportunity to fix all there issues that they were trying to encourage men to vote for. The dreams of getting to vote, especially for the women like Susan B Anthony who illegally voted. Everything will go swell now that women can vote and vote for what they believe in, start to equality from both sexes. -
Tea Pot Dome Scandal
The Tea Pot Dome Scandal was created from Warren Harding, who appointed his personal friends who were dishonest. The scandal consisted of one friend giving oil-rich government lands from Teapot Dome to two other business friends in exchange for personal goods. The scandal was the worst in U.S. history. Harding made the wrong decision to put his personal friends in charge of important responsibilities. -
Clarence Darrow
Clarence Darrow defended the Scopes "Monkey Trail". The trial consisted in Tennessee banishing the teaching of Darwin's Theory of Evolution because it contradicted the Biblical teaching of creation. One teacher was arrested because of teaching Darwin's Theory, which led to this court case. Darrow cross-examined William Jennings Bryan in the court with the biblical contradictions of the text.
