-
Period: to
History of Technology
-
Mechanical Calculation
Blaise Pascal invents the the "Pascaline" mechanical adding machine -
Punch Cards
Joseph-Marie Jacquard invents an automatic loom controlled by punched cards -
First mass-produced calculator
The Arithmometer was the first mass-produced calculator invented by Charles Xavier Thomas de Colmar -
Telecommunication Begins
Samuel Morse invents Morse code -
Automated Tabulation Begins
Georg Scheutz and his son Edvard invent the Tabulating Machine -
Tele Voice Communication Begins
Alexander Graham Bell invents the telephone called the Photophone -
Data Base is Born
Herman Hollerith invents a counting machine which increment mechanical counters -
Video Communication Begins
Lee De Forest invents the electronic tube -
Sets of numbers electrically generated, logarithmic functions
Vannevar Bush develops a partly electronic Difference Engine -
Universal Formal Language Conceived
Kurt Godel publishes a paper on the use of a universal formal language -
The foundation for digital computers
George Stibitz develops the Complex Number Calculator -
ENIAC The First Partially Electronic Computer
John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly: John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly develop the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer -
Random Access memory RAM
F.C. Williams develops his cathode-ray tube (CRT) storing device the forerunner to random-access memory (RAM) -
Portable Radio Circuits
William Shockley invents the transistor at Bell Labs -
Key Board and Screen Displayed Conceptualized
Douglas Engelbart theorises on interactive computing with keyboard and screen display instead of on punchcards -
Digital CRT storage, the "Baby"
Frederic Calland Williams & Tom Kilburn develop the SSEM "Small Scale Experimental Machine" -
The first electronic computer is created
Hideo Yamachito, Japan -
UNIVAC I (UNIVersal Automatic Computer I) was introduced
The first commercial computer made in the United States and designed principally by John Presper Eckert & John W. Mauchly -
EDVAC:
The EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer) begins performing basic tasks. Unlike the ENIAC, it was binary rather than decimal -
First Computer Programming Language
John Backus & IBM develop the FORTRAN Computer Programming Language -
The first transistor computer
Bell Labs introduces its first transistor computer. -
High Speed Internet Access becomes possible
Optical fiber was invented by Basil Hirschowitz, C. Wilbur Peters, and Lawrence E. Curtiss -
ARPA (Advanced Research Projects Agency) and NASA is formed
Reaction to Soviet Space program Sputnik -
The first integrated circuit is produced
Silicon chip: The first integrated circuit, or silicon chip, is produced by the US -
Need to rethink symbiosis between humans and computers become apparent.
Paul Baran theorizes on the "survivability of communication systems under nuclear attack", digital technology and symbiosis between humans and machines -
A second less complex programming language is invented.
COBOL: The Common Business-Oriented Language (COBOL) -
Computer Gaming Begins
The first computer game: The first computer game Spacewar Computer Game invented BY Steve Russell & MIT -
The Computer Mouse is Patented
The Computer Mouse: Douglas Engelbart invents and patents the first computer mouse (nicknamed the mouse because the tail came out the end) -
Standardize data exchange among computers is developed.
The American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII) is developed to standardize data exchange among computers. -
The Word processor is introduced
IBM introduces the first word processor -
Third Far Less Complex Language is Introduced
BASIC: John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz develop Beginner’s All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Language (BASIC) -
Hypertext
Andries van Dam and Ted Nelson coin the term "hypertext" -
The first supercomputer
ARPANET: The U.S. Department of Defense sets up (ARPANET ) this network was -
The Internet
The first building blocks to what the internet is today but originally with the intention of creating a computer network that could withstand any type of disaster. -
RAM
Intel introduces the world's first available dynamic RAM ( random-access memory) chip and the first microprocessor, the Intel 4004. -
eMail
E-mail was invented by Ray Tomlinson -
The CD
The compact disc is invented in the United States -
The Etherenet
Robert Metcalfe and David Boggs: Robert Metcalfe creates a local-area network (LAN) protocol -
Connecting Computers Nationally
Gateways: Vint Cerf and Bob Kahn develop gateway routing computers to negotiate between the various national networks -
Portable computers
Altair produces the first portable computer -
Microsoft Corporation
The Microsoft Corporation was founded April 4, 1975 by Bill Gates and Paul Allen to develop and sell BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800 -
Apple
Apple Computers was founded Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs -
Apple Computer’s Apple II,
the first personal computer with color graphics, is demonstrated -
MODEM
Ward Christensen writes the programme "MODEM" allowing two microcomputers to exchange files with each other over a phone line -
DOS
Paul Allen and Bill Gates: IBM hires Paul Allen and Bill Gates to create an operating system for a new PC. They buy the rights to a simple operating system manufactured by Seattle Computer Products and use it as a template to develop -
Domain Name System (DNS)
Domain Name System (DNS) pioneered by Jon Postel, Paul Mockapetris and Craig Partridge. Seven 'top-level' domain names are initially introduced: edu, com, gov, mil, net, org and int. -
drop-down menus, tabs and icons
Windows: Microsoft Windows introduced eliminating the need for a user to have to type each command, like MS-DOS, by using a mouse to navigate -
Apple Macintosh
Apple introduces the Macintosh with mouse and window interface -
Desktop Publishing
Paul Brainard introduces Pagemaker for the Macintosh creating the desktop publishing field. -
The Internet,
Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau propose a 'hypertext' system starting the modern Internet -
The World Wide Web:
The World Wide Web is launched to the public on August 6, 1991 -
The World Wide Web Consortium
founded by Tim Berners-Lee to help with the development of common protocols for the evolution of the World Wide Web -
YAHOO is created
-
Java programming language is introduced
Amazon: Amazon.com is founded by Jeff Bezos
EBay: EBay is founded by Pierre Omidyar
Hotmail: Hotmail is started by Jack Smith and Sabeer Bhatia. -
WebTV: WebTV is introduced
-
Altavista introduces its free online translator Babel Fish
-
Google: Google is founded by Sergey Brin and Larry Page on September 7, 1998
-
Approximately 1 billion PCs been sold
-
MySpace is Launched
-
Facebook is founded
-
Skype announces that it has over 100 million registered users.
