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1556
King Phillip II of Spain
(1556-1598) King Philip was the King of Spain, King of Portugal, King of Naples and Sicily. He was also the King of England through his marriage to Mary Tudor. During King Philip's rule of Spain he attempted to expand his territory. -
1558
The End of Catholicism in England
After the death of Mary, Elizabeth Tudor took the throne of England. As well as becoming the queen of England, she became the queen of Ireland. Once she was queen of England the first thing she did was set a Protestant church in England. Later in her rule she was expected to have an heir but didn’t and celebrated her virginity. -
Feb 1, 1560
Calvanism vs Catholicism
Calvinism is the protestant religion founded by John Calvin. Calvinism says that it doesn’t matter what you do, because your fate has already been chosen once you are born. The catholic church decided to change their ways for how things should work. They believe that you have a chance to change your fate. Eventually these two religions get into a fight over france. -
Feb 1, 1562
French War Over Religion
In 1562 a war broke out between the Protestants and the Roman catholic church in France. In this war about 2000-3000 people died in Paris during this war. About 7000 people also died in French provinces. This war finally ended in 1598, giving its name, The Thirty year war. -
Period: 1568 to
Dutch Revolt
From 1568 to 1648 a revolt from the Dutch in the Netherlands but there was a truce in the middle from 1609 to 1621. The revolt was ended by the peace of Westphalia, giving the Netherlands their independence. -
1571
The Battle of Lepanto
The battle of Lepanto started in 1571 when the holy army attacked the Ottoman empire. This battle was a navy battle which means that both used ships. The holy army lost 50 galleys and about 15,000 soldiers. The Ottoman empire lost 25,000 soldiers and additional 3,500 captured. This war ended the same year. -
Spanish Armada
In late May King Philip launched his armada to attack the English. His armada consisted of 130 ships under the command of duke Medina Sidonia. In counter attack the English launched about 140 smaller ships. This battle lasted for a few days, with the English winning. The Spanish lost about half of their ships in this battle. As for the English they lost 40 ships in total. -
The Death of Phillip II
The Death of Philip II- On September 13 1598 King Philip of Spain passed away from cancer. During his reign he dealt with multiple bankruptcies. A little bit later in his reign he signed the treaty of joinville. King Philip gave money to the League to keep the Civil war in France going. His main goal in doing this was to get rid of a French Calvinist. -
The death of Elizabeth Tudor
On March 24 1603 The Queen of England died. Queen Elizabeth died from a disease called sepsis. Her death stated the End of the Tudor Monarchy. After her death, her successor James VI of Scotland took the English throne and the title of James I of England. -
Period: to
England's Internal War
From 1621-1651 there was a civil war going on between Royalists, people who wanted king Charles I to keep power and Roundheads, people who wanted Parliament to get his power. King Charles went to war against Parliament and after 2 wars captured Charles I and put him on trial. -
Petition of Rights
In 1628 Parliament signed the petition of rights, a document saying the king couldn’t tax without parliament's permission, imprison someone without shown cause, harbor soldiers in citizen houses, and martial laws can’t be used in times of peace. After Charles I signed this he proceeded to use loopholes to tax the people and was taken under trial because of it -
The End for Monarchy, For Now
Charles I of England, a monarch of England, Scottalnd, and Ireland, was born on November 19 1600 and died on January 30 1649. Charles I was in a war with Spain and needed money from parliament. They refused so he dissolved parliament, this made him very unlike his people due to added taxes to pay for the war. At the same time the king's closest advisor was trying to push the Anglican prayer book onto the people of England. -
The End for Monarchy, For Now 2
When they got to Scotland, who was very calvinist they refused and started an armed rebellion. This on top of the war on Spain created a very large need for money. After a crushing defeat he tried hiding from parliament with many different people but eventually was the first king to be put on trial by parliament. After being found guilty of treason and sentenced to beheading Parliament took complete control of England. -
The End of a Dictator
Oliver Cromwell was a English military and political leader born April 25 1599 and died on sept 3 1658. Cromwell was a Puritan and created a model army for England and is thought by many to be one of the best leaders England ever had. He went into a war with the Irish Catholics. After then proceeding to kill the King he turned England into a republic, but in reality it was a dictatorship. -
The End for Dictatorship
After the army realized that Dictatorship wasn’t working they wanted to restore the Monarchy. They then decided the best candidate was Charles II, son of Charles I. Charles II became king of England in 1660 till his death in 1685. Although he was made king Parliament was still in control of Britain and refused to give him his throne. -
King James II
King James II became king of Scots, England, and Ireland on February 6, 1685 after Charles II died. He was the last of the Roman Catholic kings and was not very well liked by his citizens because of his religious ideals. Because of this some citizens led a revolt on him known as the Glorious Revolutions, it was given this name because no one died. He was later replaced by his daughter and son-in-law Mary II and William II rather than his birth son James Francis Edward.