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Brown v. Board of Education
A Supreme Court case that declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students unconstitutional. This decision overturned the "Separate but equal" doctrine set by Plessy V. Ferguson in 1896 and was a pivotal moment for the civil rights movement. Archives -
Department of Public Welfare v. Haas
In 1977 the US Supreme Court ruled that states cannot deny welfare benefits to individuals who are unable to work due to a disability. The case centered around a Pennsylvania law that required welfare recipients to work or participate in a work program to receive benefits. The court decided that denying benefits to individuals with disabilities who are unable to work violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. -
Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 was a federal law in the US that provided funding for primary and secondary education, aiming to improve educational opportunities for disadvantaged and low-income students. ESEA played a significant role in shaping education policy by allocating resources to schools with high numbers of low-income students. ESEA -
P.L. 94-142 - The Education For All Handicapped Children Act
The Education For All Handicapped Children Act is also known as the Individuals with Disabilities Act and it was enacted in 1975 in the US. The law mandated that all children with disabilities have access to a free and appropriate public education tailored to their needs. The law also requires schools to provide special education and related services to children with disabilities. -
EAHC was reauthorized and expanded as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA)
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was enacted in 1975 to ensure that all children with disabilities have access to free public education. In 1990, the law was reauthorized and expanded as the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. IDEA improved the education for children with disabilities and included the requirement for Individualized Education Plans (IEPs). -
No Child Left Behind Act
The No Child Left Behind Act NCLB was a landmark federal education law in the US. States were required to develop standardized tests to measure student performance in reading and math. NCLB was praised for caring about how well students did in school and making schools responsible but some people didn't like the fact that it focused too much on tests and punished schools that didn't do well. -
The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act was amended by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA)
The Individuals with Disability Education Act of 2004 is a federal law in the United States that ensures children with disabilities receive free and appropriate public education tailored to their individual needs. The Individuals with Disability Education Act also emphasizes the importance of parental involvement in the education process. It aims to prepare students with disabilities for further education employment and independent living. -
Regulations were published for school-age children under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
In 2006 the US Department of Education published regulations related to an Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act for school-age children. The regulations included conditions for the identification evaluation and eligibility determination of students with disabilities as well as guidelines for the development of individualized education programs (IEPs) the regulation also addressed discipline procedures for students with disabilities. -
Regulations were published for babies and toddlers under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act
Regulations that were issued for babies and toddlers under the IDEA included guidelines for the provision of early intervention services for infants and toddlers with disabilities. The regulations outlined the procedure for identifying, evaluating, and providing services to young children with developmental delays or disabilities. -
Every Student Succeeds Act
The Every Student Succeeds Act replaced the No Child Left Behind Act. The Every Student Succeeds Act gives states more flexibility in setting education standards and goals. It still requires annual testing in reading and math but it supports disadvantaged students, ensuring that all students have access to high quality education and opportunities for success.