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1453
Ottoman Empire Establishment
The Ottoman Empire was founded in 1299, however it did not begin conquering other countries until 1453. In 1453 The Ottoman Empire conquered Constantinople which resulted in the fall of the Byzantine Empire. This was the beginning of a long-lasting and mighty dynasty. The Ottoman Empire was at its highest between 1520 and 1566. This was a time that was notable by great power, wealth and stability.
(https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/ottoman-empire) -
World War I
World War I began in 1914 after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. The war lasted until the 11th of November 1918 when Germany signed the Armistice. World War I was when the decline of the Ottoman Empire came to an end. France, Britain and Italy took control of some areas of Ottoman Empire. Other areas of the Ottoman Empire were under the influence of France, Britain and Italy.
(https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/world-war-i-history) -
McMahon-Hussein Correspondence
The McMahon-Hussein Correspondence was an agreement between the British and the Arabs. Britain offered land to the Arabs if they fought alongside Britain against the Ottoman Empire, however the British wanted 'Special Influence' in Baghdad and Basra. The 'special influence' in those areas allowed them to have control of the port and the water ways. British was making other arrangements with the french that would dismiss this agreement.
(http://www.balfourproject.org/the-mcmahon-promise/) -
Sykes-Picot Agreement
The Sykes-Picot Agreement was an agreement between the British and the French. The agreement spoke about dividing the land that was previously ruled by the Ottoman Empire among the British and the French, with nothing but desert for the Arabs. The area ranged from Armenia to Kuwait. This is a copy of the Sykes-Picot Agreement
(https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Sykes-Picot_Agreement)
(https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/britain-and-france-conclude-sykes-picot-agreement) -
Balfour Declaration
The Balfour Declaration was a letter from Arthur Balfour to Lionel Rothschild. The letter expressed the British government's interest in creating a homeland in Palestine which would allow the Jewish community to come and go without there being any consequences. The homeland is now called Jerusalem which is in Israel.
This is the Balfour Declaration (https://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/The_Balfour_Declaration)
(https://www.history.com/topics/middle-east/balfour-declaration) -
Treaty of Sevres
The Treaty of the Sevres was created to divide the Middle East between countries. Britain and France took control and had influence in the areas that they had previously decided on in the Sykes-Picot agreement. Italy had influence over the coastal region of Anatolia and were given the Dodecanese Islands. Armenia was recognised as its own state, along with the Kingdom of Hejaz. Greece gained control over Smyrna.
(http://historylearning.com/modern-world-history/treaty-of-sevres/)
