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The Hazara People
Began to embrace Shia Islam in the beginning of the 17th century. -
The Hazara People
Some Hazara men were added to Ahmad Shah Durrani's army in the 18th century. -
Period: to
Afghanistan
British forces invade, install King Shah Shujah. He is assassinated in 1842. British and Indian troops are massacred during retreat from Kabul -
The Hazara People
British forces invade, install King Shah Shujah. He is assassinated in 1842. British and Indian troops are massacred during retreat from Kabul -
Period: to
Afghanistan
Second Anglo-Afghan War. A treaty gives Britain control of Afghan foreign affairs. -
The Hazara People
The first Hazara uprising takes place in 1888 against Abdur Rahman Khan. -
The Hazara People
The second uprising occurs in the spring of 1892. This was due to the fact that there was an assault on the wife of a Hazara cheifttain by an afghan soldier. -
The Hazara People
Many of the Hazara people were sold as slaves in the markets of Kabul and Qandahar. -
The Hazara People
The third uprising begins in 1893. Hazara took most of their land back as this came as a surprise. They were halted from their uprising because they had a shortage of food. Abdur Rahman also catalyzed the hatred and conflict between the Hazara and the Pahstun people for many years. -
The Hazara People
35000 families fled to northern Afghanistan, Iran, and Pakistan. It was estimated that at least 60% of the Hazara people were displaced by Rahman making Hazaras give up their farms. -
The Hazara People
Habibullah Khan, Rahman's successor, granted amnesty to all who were exiled by Rahman. -
Afghanistan
Emir Amanullah Khan declares independence from British influence. -
The Hazara People
Hazaras were taxed for the first time in the 19th century by Dost Mohammad Kahn. -
Period: to
Afghanistan
Amanullah tries to introduce social reforms, which however stir civil unrest. He flees. -
Afghanistan
Zahir Shah becomes king and Afghanistan remains a monarchy for next four decades. -
The Hazara People
King Mohammed Nadir Khan was assassinated by the Hazara Abdul Khaliq. He was captured along with other family members. -
Period: to
The Hazara People
Revolt took place against new taxes imposed specifically to Hazara citizens. -
Afghanistan
General Mohammed Daud becomes prime minister. Turns to Soviet Union for economic and military assistance. Introduces social reforms, such as abolition of purdah (practice of secluding women from public view). -
Afghanistan
Mohammed Daud forced to resign as prime minister. -
Afghanistan
Constitutional monarchy introduced - but leads to political polarisation and power struggles -
Afghanistan
Mohammed Daud seizes power in a coup and declares a republic. Tries to play off USSR against Western powers. -
Afghanistan
General Daud is overthrown and killed in a pro-Soviet coup. The People's Democratic Party comes to power but is paralysed by violent infighting and faces opposition by US-backed mujahideen groups. -
The Hazara People
Iran-backed Islamist groups liberated Hazarajat from Afghan government backed by Soviets. -
Afghanistan
Soviet Army invades and props up communist government. -
Afghanistan
Babrak Karmal installed as ruler, backed by Soviet troops. But opposition intensifies with various mujahideen groups fighting Soviet forces. US, Pakistan, China, Iran and Saudi Arabia supply money and arms to the mujahideen. -
The Hazara People
Secularist groups lost all power to Islamists. -
Afghanistan
Mujahideen come together in Pakistan to form alliance against Soviet forces. Half of Afghan population now estimated to be displaced by war, with many fleeing to neighbouring Iran or Pakistan. -
Afghanistan
US begins supplying mujahideen with Stinger missiles, enabling them to shoot down Soviet helicopter gunships. Babrak Karmal replaced by Najibullah as head of Soviet-backed regime. -
Afghanistan
Afghanistan, USSR, the US and Pakistan sign peace accords and Soviet Union begins pulling out troops. -
Afghanistan
Last Soviet troops leave, but civil war continues as mujahideen push to overthrow Najibullah. -
The Hazara People
The Soviets withdraw from Afghan territory. -
Afghanistan
Najibullah's government toppled, but a devastating civil war follows. -
The Hazara People
Fall of Kabul; Hazara take sides with Durhanuddin Rabbani's government. -
Afghanistan
Taliban seize control of Kabul and introduce hard-line version of Islam, banning women from work, and introducing Islamic punishments, which include stoning to death and amputations. -
Afghanistan
Taliban recognised as legitimate rulers by Pakistan and Saudi Arabia. They now control about two-thirds of country. -
Afghanistan
US launches missile strikes at suspected bases of militant Osama bin Laden, accused of bombing US embassies in Africa. -
Afghanistan
UN imposes an air embargo and financial sanctions to force Afghanistan to hand over Osama bin Laden for trial. -
Afghanistan
Ahmad Shah Masood, leader of the main opposition to the Taliban - the Northern Alliance - is assassinated. -
The Hazara People
After the 9/11 attacks, many Hazara have actually moved into leadership positions within Afghanistan. -
Afghanistan
US-led bombing of Afghanistan begins following the September 11 attacks on the United States. Anti-Taliban Northern Alliance forces enter Kabul shortly afterwards. -
Afghanistan
Afghan groups agree deal in Bonn, Germany for interim government. -
Afghanistan
Hamid Karzai is sworn in as head of an interim power-sharing government. -
Afghanistan
Deployment of first contingent of foreign peacekeepers - the Nato-led International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) - marking the start of a protracted fight against the Taliban. -
Afghanistan
Former king Zahir Shah returns, but makes no claim to the throne and dies in 2007. -
Afghanistan
Loya Jirga, or grand council, elects Hamid Karzai as interim head of state. Karzai picks members of his administration which is to serve until 2004. -
Afghanistan
Nato takes control of security in Kabul, its first-ever operational commitment outside Europe. -
Afghanistan
Loya Jirga adopts new constitution which provides for strong presidency. -
The Hazara People
Hazara man runs for the presidential election of Afghanistan. -
Period: to
Afghanistan
Presidential elections. Hamid Karzai is declared winner. -
Afghanistan
Afghans vote in first parliamentary elections in more than 30 years. -
Afghanistan
Parliament opens with warlords and strongmen in most of the seats. -
Afghanistan
Nato assumes responsibility for security across the whole of Afghanistan, taking command in the east from a US-led coalition force. -
Afghanistan
Opium production has soared to a record high, the UN reports. -
Afghanistan
President Karzai warns that Afghanistan will send troops into Pakistan to fight militants if Islamabad fails to take action against them. -
Afghanistan
Suicide bomb attack on Indian embassy in Kabul kills more than 50. -
Afghanistan
US President George Bush sends an extra 4,500 US troops to Afghanistan, in a move he described as a "quiet surge". -
Afghanistan
US Defence Secretary Robert Gates tells Congress that Afghanistan is new US administration's "greatest test". -
Afghanistan
Nato countries pledge to increase military and other commitments in Afghanistan after US announces dispatch of 17,000 extra troops. -
Afghanistan
US President Barack Obama unveils new strategy for Afghanistan and Pakistan. An extra 4,000 US personnel will train and bolster the Afghan army and police and there will be support for civilian development. -
Afghanistan
Presidential and provincial elections are marred by widespread Taliban attacks, patchy turnout and claims of serious fraud. -
Afghanistan
Mr Karzai declared winner of August presidential election, after second-placed opponent Abdullah Abdullah pulls out before the second round. -
Afghanistan
US President Obama decides to boost US troop numbers in Afghanistan by 30,000, bringing total to 100,000. He says US will begin withdrawing its forces by 2011. -
Afghanistan
An Al-Qaeda double agent kills seven CIA agents in a suicide attack on a US base in Khost. -
Afghanistan
Nato-led forces launch major offensive, Operation Moshtarak, in bid to secure government control of southern Helmand province. -
Afghanistan
Whistleblowing website Wikileaks publishes thousands of classified US military documents relating to Afghanistan. -
Afghanistan
General David Petraeus takes command of US, ISAF forces. -
Afghanistan
Dutch troops quit. -
Afghanistan
Karzai says private security firms - accused of operating with impunity - must cease operations. He subsequently waters down the decree. -
Afghanistan
Parliamentary polls marred by Taliban violence, widespread fraud and a long delay in announcing results. -
Afghanistan
Nato - at summit in Lisbon - agrees plan to hand control of security to Afghan forces by end of 2014. -
Afghanistan
President Karzai makes first official state visit to Russia by an Afghan leader since the end of the Soviet invasion in 1989. -
Afghanistan
Number of civilians killed since the 2001 invasion hit record levels in 2010, Afghanistan Rights Monitor reports. -
Afghanistan
Burning of Koran by a US pastor prompts country-wide protests in which foreign UN workers and several Afghans are killed. -
Afghanistan
Some 500 mostly Taliban prisoners break out of prison in Kandahar. -
Afghanistan
President's half-brother and Kandahar governor Ahmad Wali Karzai is killed in Taliban campaign against prominent figures. -
Afghanistan
Ex-president Burhanuddin Rabbani - a go-between in talks with the Taliban - is assassinated. -
Afghanistan
As relations with Pakistan worsen after a series of attacks, Afghanistan and India sign a strategic partnership to expand co-operation in security and development. -
Afghanistan
President Karzai wins the endorsement of tribal elders to negotiate a 10-year military partnership with the US at a loya jirga traditional assembly. The proposed pact will see US troops remain after 2014, when foreign troops are due to leave the country. -
Afghanistan
At least 58 people are killed in twin attacks at a Shia shrine in Kabul and a Shia mosque in Mazar-i-Sharif. -
Afghanistan
Pakistan and the Taleban boycott the scheduled Bonn Conference on Afghanistan. Pakistan refuses to attend after a Nato air strike killed Pakistani soldiers on the Afghan border. -
Afghanistan
Taliban agree to open office in Dubai as a move towards peace talks with the US and the Afghan government. -
Afghanistan
At least 30 people are killed in protests about the burning of copies of the Koran at the US Bagram airbase. US officials believed Taliban prisoners were using the books to pass messages, and that they were extremist texts not Korans. Two soldiers are also killed in reprisal attacks. -
Afghanistan
US Army Sgt Robert Bales is accused of killing 16 civilians in an armed rampage in the Panjwai district of Kandahar. -
Afghanistan
Taliban announce "spring offensive" with audacious attack on the diplomatic quarter of Kabul. The government blamed the Haqqani Network. Security forces kill 38 militants. -
Afghanistan
New French President Francois Hollande says France will withdraw its combat mission by the end of 2012 - a year earlier than planned. -
Afghanistan
Nato summit endorses the plan to withdraw foreign combat troops by the end of 2014. -
Afghanistan
Arsala Rahmani of the High Peace Council is shot dead in Kabul. A former Taliban minister, he was crucial in reaching out to rebel commanders. The Taliban deny responsibility. -
Afghanistan
Tokyo donor conference pledges $16bn in civilian aid to Afghanistan up to 2016, with US, Japan, Germany and UK supplying bulk of funds. Afghanistan agrees to new conditions to counter corruption. -
Afghanistan
The US military discipline six soldiers for accidentally burning copies of the Koran and other religious texts in Afghanistan. They will not face criminal prosecution. Three US Marines are also disciplined for a video in which the bodies of dead Taliban fighters were urinated on. -
Afghanistan
US hands over Bagram high-security jail to the Afghan government, although it retains control over some foreign prisoners until March 2013. -
Afghanistan
The US also suspends training new police recruits in order to carry out checks on possible ties to Taliban following series of attacks on foreign troops by apparent police and Afghan soldiers. -
Afghanistan
President Karzai and Pakistan's Asif Ali Zardari agree to work for an Afghan peace deal within six months after talks hosted by Britain's Prime Minister David Cameron. They back the opening of an Afghan office in Doha and urge the Taliban to do the same for talks to take place. -
Afghanistan
Two former Kabul Bank chiefs, Sherkhan Farnood and Khalilullah Ferozi, are jailed for the multi-million dollar fraud that almost led to its collapse and that of the entire Afghan banking system in 2010. -
Afghanistan
Afghan army takes command of all military and security operations from Nato forces. -
Afghanistan
President Karzai suspends security talks with the US after Washington announces it plans to hold direct talks with the Taliban. Afghanistan insists on conducting the talks with the Taliban in Qatar itself. -
Afghanistan
Consultative loya jirga assembly of elders backs President Karzai's proposed security agreement to provide US military with bases after Nato troops formally withdraw in 2014. President Karzai delays signing the deal. -
Afghanistan
Taliban suicide squad hits a restaurant in Kabul's diplomatic quarter, the worst attack on foreign civilians since 2001. The 13 foreign victims include IMF country head. -
Afghanistan
Start of the presidential election campaign, which is marked by a rise in attacks by the Taliban. -
Afghanistan
Presidential election
