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1942 BCE
Internment
-War Department called for the mass evacuation of all Japanese Americans from Hawaii.
- 37 percent of the people in Hawaii were Japanese Americans. To remove them would have destroyed the islands’ economy and hindered U.S. military operations there. -
1942 BCE
Battle of Stalingrad
-the bitter cold had stopped Germans from fighting Soviet Union
- Hitler hoped to capture Soviet oil fields in the Caucasus Mountains. He also wanted to wipe out Stalingrad, a major industrial center on the Volga River. -
1942 BCE
Manhattan Project
- Hoping to shorten that time, the OSRD set up an intensive program in 1942 to develop a bomb as quickly as possible. Because much of the early research was performed at Columbia University in Manhattan, the Manhattan Project became the code name for research work that extended across the country
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1940 BCE
Hitler's invasion of the Netherlands
Hitler turned against the Netherlands, Belgium, and Luxembourg, after Denmark which were overrun by the end of May. The phony war had ended -
1940 BCE
Marshal Philippe Petain
-Germans would occupy the northern part of France, and a Nazi-controlled puppet government, headed by Marshal Philippe Pétain, would be set up at Vichy, in southern France. -
1940 BCE
The Battle of Britain
- summer of 1940, the Germans began to assemble an invasion fleet along the French coast -goal was to gain total control of the skies by destroying Britain’s Royal Air Force -Every night for two solid months, bombers pound- ed London.
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1939 BCE
Rome-Berlin Axis
-The war forged a close relationship between the German and Italian dictators, who signed a formal alliance known as the Rome-Berlin Axis
- Franco won 1939
- Totalitarian Govt. ruled in Europe -
1939 BCE
Britain and France declare war on Germany
- two days after Germany bombed poland, Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany -By the end of the month, Poland had ceased to exist—and World War II had begun.
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1938 BCE
Hitler's Anschluss
forced union of Austria with Nazi Germany in 1938 -
1938 BCE
Munich Agreement
- Daladier and Chamberlain chose to believe. they signed the Munich Agreement, which turned the Sudetenland over to Germany without a single shot being fired -Chamberlain returned home and proclaimed: “My friends, there has come back from Germany peace with honor. I believe it is peace in our time.”
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1936 BCE
Hitler invades the Rhineland
hitler sent troops into the Rhineland a year after he joined treaty of versallies, tarized as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. The League did nothing to stop Hitler. -
1936 BCE
Francisco Franco
- a group of Spanish army officers led by General Francisco Franco, rebelled against the Spanish republic -About 3,000 Americans formed the Abraham Lincoln Battalion and traveled to Spain to fight against Franco. -Such limited aid was not sufficient to stop the spread of fascism
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1935 BCE
Hitler's military build-up in Germany
- 1933 Hitler pulled Germany out of the League
- In 1935, he began a military buildup in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. -he sent troops into the Rhineland, a German region bordering France and Belgium that was demili- tarized as a result of the Treaty of Versailles. The League did nothing to stop Hitler.
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1935 BCE
Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia
-Mussolini was building his empire his first target was Ethiopia, one of Africa’s few remaining independent countries
-By May 1936, Ethiopia had fall- en. In desperation, Haile Selassie, the ousted Ethiopian emperor, appealed to the League for assistance.
-When the invasion began, however, the League’s response was an ineffective economic boycott—little more than a slap on Italy’s wrist -
1935 BCE
Korematsu v. United States
Supreme Court decided, in Korematsu v. United States, that the government’s policy of evacuating Japanese Americans to camps was justified on the basis of “military necessity.” -
1933 BCE
Third Reich
Hitler was appointed chancellor (prime minister). Once in power, Hitler quickly dismantled Germany’s democratic Weimar Republic. In its place he established the Third Reich, or Third German Empire. According to Hitler, the Third Reich would be a “Thousand-Year Reich”—it would last for a thousand years -
1931 BCE
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
- all had the same goal in mind as hitler… to have more room for a growing population
- ignoring the protests of more moderate Japanese officials, the militarists launched a surprise attack and seized control of the Chinese province of Manchuria
- in a couple months the Japanese controlled the entire provence
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1927 BCE
Pearl Harbor attack
-Japanese dive-bomber swooped low over Pearl Harbor— the largest U.S. naval base in the
Pacific.
- for an hour and a half, the Japanese planes were barely disturbed by U.S. antiaircraft guns and blasted target after target.
-in less than 2 hours japanese had killed 2,403 Americans and wounded 1,178 more. The surprise raid had sunk or damaged 21 ships, including 8 battleships—nearly the whole U.S. Pacific fleet. -
1927 BCE
Battle of the Atlantic
-Hitler ordered submarine raids against ships along America’s east coast. The German aim in the Battle of the Atlantic was to prevent food and war materials from reaching Great Britain and the Soviet Union.
-hitler cut off a lifeline so Great Britain would starve into submission -
1924 BCE
1. Joseph Stalin's totalitarian government in the Soviet Union
- Stalin established a totalitarian government where govt. had complete control over citizens -individuals have no rights, govt. surprises all opposition -Stalin gained control over all Soviet Union and focused on making a model communist state -he made both agricultural and industrial growth the prime economic goals of the Soviet Union
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1921 BCE
Benito Mussolini's fascist government in Italy
-Benito Mussolini was establishing a totalitarian regime in Italy, where unemployment and inflation produced bitter strikes
-Mussolini knew how to appeal to Italy’s wounded national pride
- fascist govt: stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals. To strengthen the nation, Fascists argued, power must rest with a single strong leader and a small group of devoted party members -
1921 BCE
Storm troopers
the Nazi party held a large meeting. Large numbers of demonstrators against Hitler and the Nazi Party were prevented from disrupting the meeting by the Turn-und Sportabteilung. Following this event they became known as Sturm Abteilung (Stormtroopers) abbreviated to SA -
1919 BCE
Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany
-At the end of World War I, Hitler had been a jobless soldier drifting around Germany
-he joined a struggling group known as the Nazi party in 1919
- hitler became the partys leader
- hitlers book mien kampf set forth the basic beliefs of Nazism that became the plan of action for the Nazi Party
-The Great Depression helped the Nazis come to power
-The German people were desperate and joined nazi party -
1919 BCE
Mein Kampf
- Mein Kampf is a book the hitler wrote while he was in prison
-“to secure for the German people the land and soil to which they are entitled on this earth,” -In his book Mein Kampf [My Struggle], Hitler set forth the basic beliefs of Nazism that became the plan of action for the Nazi Party
- Mein Kampf is a book the hitler wrote while he was in prison
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Nonaggression pact
- As tensions rose over Poland, Stalin surprised everyone by signing a nonaggression pact with Hitler -August 23, 1939 fas- cist Germany and communist Russia now committed never to attack each other.
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Blitzkrieg
- German air force, roared over Poland, raining bombs on military bases, airfields, railroads, and cities. -Blitzkrieg made use of advances in military technology—such as fast tanks and more powerful aircraft—to take the enemy by surprise and then quickly crush all opposition with overwhelming force -two days following the terror in Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany
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Phony war
-On the Siegfried Line a few miles away German troops stared back. The blitzkrieg had given way to what the Germans called the sitzkrieg (“sitting war”), and what some newspapers referred to as the phony war
-Hitler launched a surprise invasion
of Denmark and Norway in order “to protect [those countries’] freedom and independence.” But in truth, Hitler planned to build bases along the coasts to strike at Great Britain -
Hitler's invasion of Denmark and Norway
Hitler launched a surprise invasion
of Denmark and Norway in order “to protect [those countries’] freedom and independence.” But in truth, Hitler planned to build bases along the coasts to strike at Great Britain -
Germany and Italy's invasion of France
-The German offensive trapped almost 400,000 British and French soldiers
-more than 800 vessels in all—ferried about
330,000 British, French, and Belgian troops to safety across the Channel.
-Italy entered the war on the side of Germany and invaded France from the south as the Germans closed in on Paris from the north
-On June 22, 1940, at Compiègne, as William Shirer and the rest of the world watched, Hitler handed French officers his terms of surrender. -
Lend-Lease Act
- Congress authorized the sale, lease, transfer, or exchange of arms and supplies to 'any country whose defense the president deems vital to the defense of the United States
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Operation Torch
was the British-American invasion of French North Africa during the North African Campaign of the Second World War -
Unconditional surrender
a surrender in which no guarantees are given to the surrendering party. In modern times, unconditional surrenders most often include guarantees provided by international law. -
D-Day
-Allies gathered a force of nearly 3 million British, American, and Canadian troops, together with moun- tains of military equipment and supplies
- Eisenhower planned to attack Normandy in northern France. To keep their plans secret, the Allies set up a huge phantom army with its own headquarters and equipment -
The Battle of the Bulge
-tanks drove 60 miles into Allied territory, creating a bulge in the lines that gave this desperate last- ditch offensive its name, the Battle of the Bulge
-Germans swept westward, they captured 120 American GIs near Malmédy. Elite German troops—the SS troop- ers—herded the prisoners into a large field and mowed them down with machine guns and pistols. -
Harry S. Truman
vp became 33rd president of US after Roosevelt's death -
Death of Hitler
-On April 29, he married Eva Braun, his longtime companion
- he wrote out his last address to the German people. In it he blamed the Jews for starting the war and his gener- als for losing it. -
V-E Day
Allies celebrated V-E Day—Victory in Europe Day. The war in Europe was finally over.
