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New Immigration
Most immigrants came from southern & eastern Europe, especially Poland,Italy, Austria-Hungary,Greece, and Russia. Oppression, Poverty, War, and Religious/Ethnic Persecution pushed immigrants out of their country. Freedom & Economic Opportunities pulled immigrants tot the U.S.A. "New Immigrants either stayed in New York or took trains to join their relatives in other parts of the country. Most immigrants attained manually hard work labor. -
Haymarket
On May 4, 1886 a labor rally near Chicago's Haymarket square demanding an 8 hour work day and turned into a riot after someone threw a bomb at the police trying to break up the demonstration. At least eight people died as a result of the violence that day. The judge imposed the death sentence on seven of the men and the eighth was sentenced to 15 years in prison. -
Boss Tweed
By mid 1860 he had risen to the top position in the organization and formed the tweed ring openly bought votes, encouraged Judical corruption extracted millions from city contracts and dominated New York City politics. Tweed had to flee from U.S to Spain after he broke out of jail for his corruption in politics but was found because of Nast cartoons ended 1878 he died in prison. -
Morse Code
the Telegraph changed communication because it made it possible to communicate over long distances.The telegraph led to the telephone then the cell phone "IPhone" people could talk to someone by just dialing a number. The telegraph ran through the same route as the transcontinental railroad. It made it easier to send messages to people along the railroad. -
Homestead Act
The purpose of the Homestead Act was to encourage settlement in the west. Many people during this time owned a plot of land "160 acres" all with different climates. Most couldn't grow vegetation due to scarcity of rich soil and rainfall. This attracted European immigrants. These were rural areas so population was low. This affected the lifestyle of the native Americans greatly because it pushed them out of their homes. -
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Cattle Drive Era
Most cattle trails started in Texas and moved as far as Nebraska. Demand for cattle was high because, during the civil war the urban cut off confederate trade routes. Railroads and barbed wire began to end the cattle drive era by closing off the ? ranges and making the transportation easier, -
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Rise of labor Unions
The purpose was safer working conditions, shorter work days, weekend time off, end child labor. Actions used were strike, violation of property, American federation of labor, riots. -
First Transcontinental Railroad
Made it easier to trade from Atlantic and Pacific coast it was also cheaper to transport goods. Settlers stared having battles with native Americans because it moved natives into reservations. Put rails on rich hunting grounds. easy to transport cattle and goods. -
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Laissez Faire, government was hands off on the businesses. Government should not interfere in the operation of the free market. Federal law aimed at stopping monopolies from engaging in unfair business practices. Stanford oil was the 1st monopoly the government attempted to stop. -
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Gilded Age and Westward Expansion
Gilded Age- Which satirized an era of serious social problems masked by a thin gold gilding. The U.S population & economy grew quickly. There were also some problems like political corruption and corporate financial misdealing. During this time wealthy people were living a fancy life style. Farmers moved West by covered wagon to claim “homesteads" and slowly filled in the Great Plains.many wore rags. In 1890, 11 million of the nation's 12 million families earned less than $1200 per year. -
Chinese Exclusion Act
the cause of the Chinese Exclusion was loss of jobs and low wages in California and the Chinese were to blame. Chinese Exclusion Act 1882 was the first significant law that restricted immigration into the U.S. of an ethnic working group. -
Opening of the Hull House
Located near the west side of Chicago, Illinois. Opened its door for European immigrants. Homeless shelter, daycare, and soup kitchen. Founded by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr. Taught new immigrants how to speak English. Helped them get jobs. -
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Ellis Island
Immigrants from Southern & Eastern Europe, especially Poland, Italy, Austria-Hungary, Greece, and Russia. Those with tuberculosis or other diseases were sent back. Immigrants were asked -
Bessemer Steel Process
The mass of steel from molten pig iron. Captain of the industry Andrew Carnegie steel corp. in 1892. Fuel the great economic expansion of the late 19th century with wood & iron is replaced with steel. -
Pullman Strike
the Pullman strike was a nationwide railroad strike in the U.S. on May 11, 1894 and a turning point for U.S. labor law. Many of the Pullman factory workers joined the American Railway Union (ARU) led by Eugene V. Debs, which supported their strike by launching a boycott in which ARU member refused to run trains containing Pullman cars. President Cleveland sent militarily troops to handle the situation.