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Civil War
Attempts at comp. over slavery failed and the North & South finally reached a high point with the 1860 election that began the Civil War. At first the North had losses but great wins at Vicksburg & Gettysburg helped the North pull ahead after 4 yrs of battles. Around this time Pres. Lincoln put the Emancipation Proclamation into effect freeing slaves in bordering states. After the war, Lincoln, moderate & radical Republicans began to rebuild the South securing the rights of African Americans. -
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Settling the West
Mining & Ranching attracted many people to the West to settle. This led to many populations of people being eligible for statehood. The Homestead Act. was another great influencer to bring people to the West. Although it was difficult people discovered wheat could be planted, creating new technologies that helped settle the West. As settlers began moving more & more West, Native Americans were displaced and forced onto reservations and were encouraged to assimilate into the culture of the U.S. -
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Industrialization
Businesses & Industries grew fast after the Civil War, this changed the way people lived & worked. Railroads were one of these businesses that grew fast after the Civil War, this included the Trans Continental railroad. Large Corporations also developed that could consolidated various business functions and produce goods more efficiently. Workers began to fight for better wages, hours &working conditions by creating Unions. Strikes and riots led to a bad image for unions & slowed their growth. -
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Urban America
In the late 19 century a wave of immigration began, these immigrants settled in cities where ethnic neighborhoods began to develop. While this was happening Americans feared this immigration & didn't think these immigrants would adapt to American culture & society. With new technologies emerging more jobs were being offered pulling people into cities to work. During this time industrialization brang new art, literature, & ideas about gov. role in society. This era also brang the Gilded Age. -
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Becoming a World Power
The US starting becoming a world power because of their desire to find new markets, increase trade, & build a powerful navy. All of these led to an Imperialist vision that involved the US in many international affairs.During this time the Spanish-American was happening & the US defeated Spanish troops in Cuba & the Philippines, later annexing the Philippines making the US an imperial power. Also during this time many of the nations presidents pushed for more world trade in Asia & CA. -
Reconstruction
Once the Civil War ended the nation was in ruins from all of the fighting that happened over the years, to fix this President Lincoln and the Republicans began to rebuild the south in an effort called Reconstruction. Although many of the Southerners were angry at the Union win many just wanted to rebuild their land and get back to their lives. To begin this entire Reconstruction effort President Lincoln began by giving a general amnesty to all Southerners who took an oath of loyalty to the U.S. -
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The Progressive Movement
During this time society wanted government to be more honest, efficient, and more democratic. President Roosevelt pushed for this progressive movement and wanted big businesses to conserve natural resources. President Wilson won the election of 1912 and also pushed for the progressive ideals, he supported lower tariffs, more regulation of business, and the creation of a federal reserve banking system. -
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World War I and its Aftermath
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, & Nationalism were the main causes for WWI in Europe, & attacks on US ships & support for allies caused the US to enter WWI. To pay for the war progressive ideas & gov. agencies mobilized the population & organized the economy. New technologies caused both sides to lose millions but with US arrival it helped the allies win and start making peace treaties. As the war ended the US was in chaos with a depression, fears of communism, strikes, riots, & bombings. -
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The Jazz Age
Scandals in Hardings Adm led to distrust in gov, Coolidge worked hard to put faith & trust back into gov. New tech. like cars & radios changed the ways Americans lived. During this time Urban people celebrated new culture & rural people believed traditional ways. The new culture had artistic innovations, artists, & writers. Pop culture also changed with these new technologies. The Harlem Renaissance was another era during this time that had creative artists and writers who were African American. -
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The Great Depression Begins
Though the 1920's were prosperous speculation in stock market, risky lending policies, overproduction & uneven income dis. led the US into the Great Depression. During this time many people lost everything so to help escape their misery pop entertainment helped get their mind off things with optimism. President Hoover tried to fix the economy by providing loans to banks and starting the public works projects. This led to many people becoming dependent on the government. -
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A World in Flames
After WWI was over many gov in Europe were aggressive and expansionist, America left them alone because the US people didn't want to be involved in another foreign war. Because everyone wanted to avoid another World War the allies tried to make peaceful negations with Germany that failed and led us to another World War. The US stayed out of the war until Japan attacked Pearl Harbor which brought the US into WWII. -
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Roosevelt and the New Deal
FDR was elected in 1932 because of his new deal plan that promised to rescue banks, industry, & agriculture, & provide jobs to the unemployed withing his first 100 days in office. The first new deal didn't work out all that well so when the 2nd new deal came around much criticism was given. In the second new deal the WPA, the national Labor Relations Board, & the Social Security Adm. were created. With these projects FDR won reelection but court packing and a new recession hurt him politically. -
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America and World War II cont.
Life at home was very different, more jobs were being offered to women and AA but Latinos and Japanese Americans were being discriminated against. And the nations prices, goods, and wages were controlled by the gov. The war finally ends in 1945 due to fierce fighting in Europe and the Pacific which leads to the fall of the Axis powers. Following the war the allies began war crime trials and set up a peacekeeping organization to prevent future global wars. -
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America and World War II
As WWII began the US was way behind in its military, this is because after WWI the US returned to isolationism, but as the US entered WWII it started producing 40% of the worlds arms. WWII was a whole new type of war that caused changes in strategy from both sides, battles such as the battle of Midway and the battle of Atlantic and Stalingrad were major turning points in the war. -
The Holocaust
The Holocaust was a genocide against Jews, and many other minority groups is Europe during this time. This was led by the Nazi's, first they stripped the Jews of all their rights and were racist against them. This all progressed until the end when Nazi Germany created concentration and execution camps in an attempt to kill off all European Jews. -
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The Cold War Begins
After WWII tensions btwn Britain, US & Soviet Union grew over how much freedom the Soviet Union was giving nations it controlled. These nations held meetings but couldnt resolve the issue. Fearful of communism Pres Truman aided countries that fought against communism & tried to contain it. As the Cold war continued to progress fear started to rise in US over communism & threats of nuclear attack.Time went Pres Eisenhower believed new tech & weapons would help prevent attacks & help stop the war -
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Postwar America
In Postwar US congress limited the power of Unions and rejected many of Pres Trumans plan for a Fair Deal. When Truman became Pres gov programs were cut back and and the interstate highway system started. The 1950s was a time of affluence and tech breakthroughs. Also during this time people of color and those living in Appalachia did not share the same prosperity as the rest of the population. -
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The Vietnam War
Before the Cold War many Americans new little about Indochina but as communism began to rise many started to believe that Southeast Asia would fall to communism so troops were sent to Vietnam to fight. As casualties rose in Vietnam US citizens began to protest against the war. Conflict over the war,violence, & the lack of progress led Pres Johnson to not run for reelection. As Pres Nixon took office he moved to end the war with Vietnam and bring the troops home, however many more were still lost -
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The Civil Rights Movement
After WWII AA began to fight segregation in the US. Although denied by southern segregationists Congress began to take a stand for civil rights. In the 1960s both AA and whites created org. that directed protests, target specific inequalities & attract the attention of media & gov. Although much progress had been made for civil rights leaders of the movement began to realize political rights would not solve their economic problems. -
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The Politics of Protest
The 1960s was full of uproars and gave birth to a youth movement that challenged the political, social, and conventional middle class values. Women began to get tired of how they were being treated and began to join org. that pushed for improving their role in society with things such as the Equal Rights Amendment. Mexican Americans also grew tired of the discrimination they were receiving and began to form civil rights org. -
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The New Frontier and the Great Society
With the election campaign of 1960 Pres JFK promised to move the country into "new frontier" after he got elected he managed only get part of his agenda done. During his admin. tensions with the cold war continued to rise & crises in Cuba & West Berlin happened. To contain communism JFK created aid programs & expanded the space program. After the assassination of JFK hours later Lyndon B Johnson got sworn in and soon following pushed for passage of a civil rights bill & antipoverty legislation -
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Politics and Economics
As Nixon won Presidency he wanted to restore law & order at home but his greatest accomplishments were in foreign policy. Though his first term was successful he feared that he wouldnt win reelection and soon became a part of a scandal known as Watergate. As Nixon resigned Ford took office and soon Carter won the presidency both of these presidents had domestic and foreign affairs. During this time many began to worry about the environment and many programs began to help protect the environment. -
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Resurgence of Conservatism
During 1980s new levels of discontent with gov left many Americans concerned about the direction of the nation a return to more conservative approaches & values was occurring. Ronald Reagan became pres because of conservative ideas. As Pres he cut taxes,deregulated industries & appointed conservative justices. Reagan rebuilt the military & increased the national deficit. the 1980s was a period of increased wealth for many & the economy also improved. During this time the cold war ended also. -
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A Time of Change
In 1980s computer tech had dramatically changed with the creation of home computers & expansion of internet. During this time Clinton was elected Pres & only achieved part of his agenda & during his second term was focused on foreign policy & scandal. During the end of the 20th century number of immigrants in US hit & all time high & changed ethnic composition of the US. In the 1990s disscussion over the elemination of trade barriers was discussed and more enviornmental protection was discussed -
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A New Century Begins
In the 2000 election Bush won the Presidency over Al Gore and he focused on cutting taxes & introducing health care & edu. reforms. Soon following his campaign win 9/11 happened killing about 3000 Americans & Bush & Congress launched a war on terrorism to prevent future attacks. Following 9/11 the US invaded Afgan and later Iraq in 2003. Bush won reelection but in his 2nd term had many scandals & difficulties leading to Obama winning the 2008 election becoming the first AA pres.