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Black Codes
Laws denying most legal rights to newly freed slaves; passed by southern states following the Civil War -
13th Amendment
It freed all slaves and abolished slavery and involuntary servitude in the United States. -
Sharecropping/ Tenant Farming
A system used on southern farms after the Civil War in which farmers worked land owned by someone else in return for a small portion of the crops. -
14th Amendment
If you were born in the United States you are considered a U.S. citizen! -
15th Amendment
People can't take your voting right away based of color, religion or other characteristcs. -
Lynching
To put to death, especially by hanging, by mob action and without legal authority. -
Plessey v. Ferguson
Plessy v. Ferguson is a U.S. Supreme Court case from 1896 that upheld the rights of states to pass laws allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions such as schools, public transportation, restrooms, and restaurants. The case strengthened the ability of southern states to pass Jim Crow laws discriminating against African Americans and other minorities, and enshrined the doctrine of "separate but equal" as the guiding principle in American race relations and pu -
19th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not bedenied or abridged by the United States. Started voting for women. -
20th Amendment
It lays down the rules for the beginnings and endings of elected officials' terms. -
Federal Housing Auhtority
a United States government agency created as part of the National Housing Act of 1934. It sets standards for construction and underwriting and insures loans made by banks and other private lenders for home building. -
Hector P. Garcia
Was best known for creating the American G.I. Forum. Which was started for hispanic veterans and civil rights organization. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
was the most important voice of the American civil rights movement, which worked for equal rights for all. He was famous for using nonviolent resistance to overcome injustice, and he never got tired of trying to end segregation laws (that prevented blacks from entering certain places, such as restaurants, hotels, and public schools). -
Jim Crow Laws
Jim Crow laws were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. -
Sit- Ins
In 1960 they helped energize the civil rights movement. he Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) successfully used sit-ins to desegregate public facilities, The four students in North Carolina sparked a wave of additional sit-ins throughout the South and set the stage for the creation of a new organization that quickly gained momentum within the civil rights movement: the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC). -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was the first African-American to be appointed to the Supreme Court. It was a major milestone in the cause of civil rights. -
Brown v Ferguson
A case regarding school desegregation, decided by the Supreme Court in 1954. The Court ruled that segregation in public schools is prohibited by the Constitution. -
Desegregation
The process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races. Started with Brown v. Education -
Rosa Parks
After a long day of work, boarded the bus and sat in the front row of the black section. When the bus filled up with white people, the driver ordered Parks and some other blacks to move back. The others obeyed, but Parks refused. In retaliation, the driver stopped the bus and had Parks arrested. -
Montogomery Bus Boycott
The Montgomery Bus Boycott was one of the major events in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States. It signaled that a peaceful protest could result in the changing of laws to protect the equal rights of all people regardless of race. Civil rights leaders and ministers got together to organize a day to boycott the buses. -
Orville Faubus
Orval Faubus was the Democratic Governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967. Governor Faubus deployed National Guardsmen to block Supreme Court-ordered school integration. He took a stand against the desegregation of Little Rock Central High School. -
Civil Rights Acts
Eisenhower passed this bill to establish a permanent commission on civil rights with investigative powers but it did not guarantee a ballot for blacks. It was the first civil-rights bill to be enacted after Reconstruction which was supported by most non-southern whites. -
Afframative Action
A programme that entails giving the members of a preciously disadvantaged minority group a head start in such areas as higher education and employment. -
Betty Friedan
Feminist author of "The Feminie Mystique" in 1960. Her book sparked a new consciousness among suburban women and helped launch the second-wave feminist movement -
24th Amendment
This tells people you cant charge to vote. -
Civil Rights Acts
Passed under the Johnson administration, this act outlawed segregation in public areas and granted the federal government power to fight black disfranchisement. The act also created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) to prevent discrimination in the work place. This act was the strongest civil rights legislation since Reconstruction and invalidated the Southern Caste System. -
Upward
a federally funded educational program within the United States. The program is one of a cluster of programs now referred to as TRIO, all of which owe their existence to the federal Economic Opportunity Act of 1964 and the Higher Education Act of 1965. -
Lester Madox
Was a segregationist, owned a restaurant called the “Pickrick Cafeteria,” He refused to serve three black students and chased them out with a gun while his white customers used axe handles. He contended that both his business and property were being threatened. -
Goerge Wallace
He was a pro-segregation Democrat elected governor of Alabama. Under pressure from civil rights leaders, President Lyndon Johnson commanded Governor Wallace to mobilize Alabama's National Guard units to protect Selma marchers -
Non-Violent Protest
Abstention from the use of physical force to achieve goals. This was a major effective way of doing things in the Civil Rights Movement. -
Cesar Chavez
Chavez founded the National Farm Workers Association that later became the United Farm Workers. He was an American labor rights hero for supporting labor rights for Mexican migrant farm workers, successfully leading a consumer boycott against grape producers. Chávez was also a strong on nonviolence acts. -
Head- Start
An advantage over other people in the same situation as you, especially in a competition -
26th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States, who are 18 years of age or older, to vote, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any state on account of age. -
Title IX
Schools must offer equal opportunities for women and men, if that school recieves federal funds. Applies: medical programs, doctoral programs and sports -
Civil Disobedience
The refusal to comply with certain laws or to pay taxes and fines, as a peaceful form of political protest. Things like boycotts and sit- ins are examples of civil disobedience.
