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1492
Christopher Columbus “Founds” New World
Columbus landed in the Caribbean in 1492 which kicked off the Age of Exploration in Europe . -
1492
Columbian Exchange Begins
Columbian Exchange named after Christopher Columbus was the exchange of food, animals, and plants. -
Period: 1492 to
European Exploration Era
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1500
Spanish Encomienda System Begins
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1500
Spanish Casta System Begins
New Spain's mixed-race people and the hierarchical system whereby socioeconomic status was tied to race. -
Period: 1500 to
Triangular Trade
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Period: 1500 to
Middle Passage
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1520
Small Pox Begins Spreading to Native Americans
Europeans spread disease to Native Americans which then starts the decrease in Native American population -
1521
Spanish Conquistador Hernan Cortez Conquers the Aztec Empire
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1534
England Splits from the Catholic Church
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London Company Gains Charter for Set Up English Colony
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Jamestown, Virginia Colony Founded
Jamestown,Virginia is home to the first successful English settlement . -
Period: to
Colonial Era
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French found Quebec on the St. Lawrence River and Engage in the Fur Trade
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Tobacco introduced to Virginia Colony by John Rolfe
John Rolfe introduced the tobacco plant to the Virginia colony. Tobacco then later became an important part of the economic. -
First African Slaves Arrive in Jamestown, Virginia Colony
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Virginia House of Burgesses
The House of Burgesses was the first elected general assembly in the colonies, paving the way for the democratic society formed during the Revolution. -
Plymouth, Massachusetts Colony Founded
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Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact simply let the signers into a "Civil Body Politic" for the purpose of passing "just and equal Laws ".It was also very short . -
New Hampshire Founded
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Dutch New Amsterdam Becomes Capital of New Netherland
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“City Upon a Hill” John Winthrop
John Winthrop delivered the following sermon before he and his fellow settlers reached New England. Used to describe the expectation that the Massachusetts Bay colony would shine like an example to the world . -
The Great Migration to Massachusetts Bay Colony
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Maryland Founded
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Thomas Hooker Founds Connecticut
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Harvard College Founded in Massachusetts
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Pequot War
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Roger Williams Founds Rhode Island
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Delaware Founded
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Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
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Maryland Toleration Act
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North Carolina Founded
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Iroquois Confederacy Formed
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Navigation Acts and Mercantilism
A series of laws passed my British parliament that imposed restrictions on colonial trade . -
South Carolina Founded
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New York Funded
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New Jersey Founded
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King Phillips War
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Bacon’s Rebellion
Bacon's Rebellion was an armed rebellion by Virginia settlers that took place in 1676. It was led by Nathaniel Bacon against Governor William Berkeley. -
Pueblo Revolt
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Quaker William Penn Founds Pennsylvania
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Period: to
Enlightenment Era
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John Locke’s Two Treatises of Government Published
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English Bill of Rights
Outlined civil rights and gave parliament power over the monarchy -
Salem Witch Trials
This happened in 1692 when over 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft . if you were accused you were killed . -
Period: to
Salutary Neglect Policy
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The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a religious revival that impacted the English colonies. -
Georgia Founded as a Debtors Colony
The founder of Georgia, James Oglethorpe, specifically started the colony as a debtor's refuge in 1732, as an alternative to English debtors' prison. -
Stono Rebellion
large slave uprising ,important because it changed the face of slavery in Carolina, -
French and Indian War Begins
French and Indian War/Seven Years' War, 1754–63. The French and Indian War was the North American conflict in a larger imperial war between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years' War. -
Period: to
The Industrial Revolution
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French and Indian War Ends
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Proclamation Line of 1763
A rule passed by British to protect themselves from any conflict with the Native Americans . The rule passed states that the colonists are not allowed to settle west of the Appalachian Mountains -
Period: to
Republican Motherhood
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Period: to
Revolutionary Era
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Sugar Act
The sugar act was a law passed by parliament , upset some of the colonists which caused them to boycott and stop buying British goods . -
Stamp Act
A Law passed by the British parliament to impose tax on the colonists on printed materials and stamped paper . -
Quartering Act
This was a law passed by British parliament that the colonists had to have Britsh soldiers housed inside their houses . -
Townshend Acts
British parliament placed new taxes and took away some freedoms from the colonists -
Boston Massacre
British Soldier shoot into a crowd of colonists and killed several colonists after the colonists harrased them -
Tea Act
The Tea Act was a law passed by the British . British taxes the colonies for tea , which upsets colonies "taxation without representation " -
Boston Tea Party
the colonies get upset with British for taxing them without them having a say in it so the colonies dump tea into the Boston Harbor -
Intolerable Acts
laws passed by British as punishment for the civil disobedience the colonists caused ( dumping tea into Boston Harbor) -
First Continental Congress
delegates from each of the 13 colonies except for Georgia met in Philadelphia as the First Continental Congress to organize colonial resistance to Parliament's Coercive Acts. -
Thomas Paine’s Common Sense Published
advocated independence for the American colonies -
Battle of Lexington and Concord
The British Army set out from Boston to capture rebel leaders Samuel Adams and John Hancock in Lexington as well as to destroy the Americans store of weapons and ammunition in Concord. -
Second Continental Congress
A convention of delegates from the 13 colonies soon after the launch of the American Revolutionary War, followed up after first continental congress -
Continental Army Lead by General George Washington
George Washington briefly was in charge of a new army in 1798, He played the leading military role in the American Revolution. -
Declaration of Independence
This is a document that shows how the American colonies severed their ties with the British . The American colonies are finally independent . -
Benjamin Franklin Becomes French Ambassador
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Adam Smith Publishes “The Wealth of Nations”
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Winter at Valley Forge
Continental Army, a collection of disparate colonial militias, emerged under Washington's leadership as a cohesive and disciplined fighting force. People were hungry and even ended up starving because of the winter . -
Battle of Saratoga
It included two crucial battles, fought eighteen days apart, and was a decisive victory for the Continental Army and a crucial turning point in the Revolutionary War. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation served as the written document that established the functions of the national government of the United States after it declared independence from Great Britain. -
Period: to
Abolition Movement
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Battle of Yorktown
a decisive victory by a combined force of American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and French Army troops -
Treaty of Paris of 1783
The Treaty of Paris was signed by U.S. and British Representatives on September 3, 1783, ending the War of the American Revolution. -
Shays’ Rebellion
Shays' Rebellion was an armed uprising in Massachusetts and Worcester in response to a debt crisis among the citizenry and in opposition to the state government's increased efforts to collect taxes both on individuals and their trades. -
Federalist Papers
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Constitutional Convention/ Philadelphia Convention
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U.S. Constitution
The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States of America. The Constitution, originally comprising seven articles, delineates the national frame of government. -
The Great Compromise
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The 3/5ths Compromise
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Bill of Rights Added to U.S. Constitution
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The French Revolution Begins
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Washington Creates Presidential Cabinet
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Washington Elected 1st President
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Washington D.C. Becomes New US Capital
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Period: to
The Second Great Awakening
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Alexander Hamilton Gets Congress to Approve National Bank
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Whiskey Rebellion
The Whiskey Rebellion was a 1794 uprising of farmers and distillers in western Pennsylvania in protest of a whiskey tax enacted by the federal government. -
Cotton Gin and Interchangeable Parts Invented by Eli Whitney
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Washington’s Farewell Address
Washington's Farewell Address is a letter written by American President George Washington as a valedictory to "friends and the fellow-citizens" after 20 years of public service to the United States. -
First Two-Party System Created (Dem-Rep vs Federalist)
It featured two national parties competing for control of the presidency, Congress, and the states: the Federalist Party, created largely by Alexander Hamilton, and the rival Jeffersonian Democratic-Republican Party, formed by Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, usually called at the time the Republican Party -
John Adams (Federalist) Elected 2nd President
John Adams was a leader of the American Revolution and served as the second U.S. president , Adams served as a diplomat in Europe and helped negotiate the Treaty of Paris (1783), which officially ended the American Revolutionary War -
XYZ Affair
The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War. U.S. and French negotiators restored peace with the Convention of 180 -
Kentucky and Virginia Resolution
Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
the Alien and Sedition Acts were a series of four laws passed by the U.S. Congress in 1798 .The four laws restricted the activities of foreign residents in the country and limited freedom of speech and of the press. -
Election of 1800 and the Start of the Jeffersonian Er
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The Market Revolution Begins
The Market Revolution (1793–1909) in the United States was a drastic change in the manual-labor system originating in the South (and soon moving to the North) and later spreading to the entire world. -
Cult of Domesticity Begins
The Cult was an ideology that created a new idea about the role of women in society. It was founded on the theory of scientific sexism and the fact that nineteenth- century women were considered to be both physically and mentally inferior to men. -
Period: to
Manifest Destiny
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Thomas Jefferson (Democratic Republican) Elected 3rd President
Thomas Jefferson, fought and spoke for democracy, was an American Founding Father, the author of the Declaration of Independence -
Steam Locomotive Invented in Great Britain
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Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was a land deal between the United States and France, -
Marbury v. Madison
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James Madison (Democratic Republican) Elected 4th President
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British Impressment of US Sailors
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War Hawks in Congress Support War Against British
The War Hawks were members of Congress who put pressure on President James Madison to declare war against Britain in 1812. -
War of 1812 Begins
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Francis Scott Key Writes the Star Spangled Banner
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Treaty of Ghent
The Treaty of Ghent was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States and Great Britain. -
Federalist Party Collapses
It became a minority party while keeping its stronghold in New England and made a brief resurgence by opposing the War of 1812. It then collapsed with its last presidential candidate in 1816. -
Period: to
Era of Good Feelings
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Tariff of 1816
A tariff on manufactured goods, including war industry products, was deemed essential in the interests of national defense. first tariff passed by Congress with an explicit function of protecting U.S. manufactured items from overseas competition -
James Monroe (Democratic Republican) Elected 5th President
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Adam- Onis Treaty/ Spain Ceded Florida to U.S.
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Compromise of 1820
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Universal Male Suffrage Begins to Rise
Men were only allowed to vote , the idea of only men being able to vote was starting to rise . -
Monroe Doctrine
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Henry Clay’s “American System”
It placed tariffs on Southern goods to benefit people in the North. -
John Quincy Adams (Democratic Republican) Elected 6th President
John Quincy Adams, son of John and Abigail Adams, served as the sixth President of the United States. -
Erie Canal Built
the Erie Canal, connected the Hudson River to the Great Lakes, linking the West to the port of New York City. -
Lowell, Massachusetts Textile Mill Employs Women
Textile mills brought jobs to the areas where they were built, and with jobs came economic and societal growth.
also employed women and gave women a chance to been seen differently in society . -
Andrew Jackson (Democrat) Elected 7th President
Andrew Jackson was the seventh president of the United States. He is known for founding the Democratic Party and for his support of individual liberty. -
Second Two-Party System Created (Democrats vs Whigs)
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Congress Passes Preemption Acts
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Indian Removal Act
The Indian Removal Act was signed into law by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830, authorizing the president to grant unsettled lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders. A few tribes went peacefully, but many resisted the relocation policy -
Abolition Movement Begins
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William Lloyd Garrison Publishes Abolitionist Newspaper “The Liberator
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Trail of Tears Begin
forced relocation of thousands of Native Americans in what became known as the Trail of Tears. ... Native Americans opposed removal from their ancestral lands, resulting in a long series of battles with local white settlers. Most Natives died in relocation or starved to death . -
Andrew Jackson Vetos National Bank
Andrew Jackson vetoed the bill by arguing that in the form presented to him it was justice or needed . -
Nullification Crisis
confrontation between the state of South Carolina and the federal government in 1832–33 over the former's attempt to declare null and void within the state the federal Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. -
Texas Revolution and Independence from Mexico
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Horace Mann Advocates for Public School
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Increased Irish and German Immigration to the North
About 4.5 million Irish arrived in America between 1820 and 1930 -
Federal Support Given to Samuel Morse to Construct Telegraph Lines
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Dorothea Dix Advocates for Mentally Ill and Prison Reform
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James K. Polk Elected US President (Democrat)
James K. Polk was the last of the Jacksonians to sit in the White House, and the last strong President until the Civil War. -
Irish Potato Famine Begins
The Irish Potato Famine, also known as the Great Hunger, began in 1845 when a fungus-like organism called Phytophthora infestans (or P. infestans) spread rapidly throughout Ireland. The infestation ruined up to one-half of the potato crop that year, and about three-quarters of the crop over the next seven years. -
Texas Annexation by the United States
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Frederick Douglass Publishes Autobiography “Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slav
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Frederick Douglass writes autobiography “Narrative of the Life of an American Slave”
Douglass wrote several autobiographies, notably describing his experiences as a slave in his Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave (1845), which became a bestseller, -
Oregon Territory Divided Between British and U.S
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Mexican American War Begins
The Mexican-American War was a conflict between the United States and Mexico, fought from April 1846 to February 1848. -
Wilmot Proviso
The Wilmot Proviso was designed to eliminate slavery within the land acquired as a result of the Mexican War (1846-48) -
Seneca Falls Convention
the meeting launched the women's suffrage movement, which more than seven decades later ensured women the right to vote. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo: Mexican American War Ends
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Mexican cession
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Free Soil Movement begins
The Free Soil Party was a short-lived coalition political party in the United States active from 1848 to 1854, when it merged into the Republican Party. -
California Gold Rush
The Gold Rush significantly influenced the history of California and the United States. It created a lasting impact by propelling significant industrial and agricultural development -
Compromise of 1850
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Fugitive Slave Law Passed in Compromise of 1850
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Harriet Tubman Begins Using Underground Railroad
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Harriet Beecher Stowe Publishes “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
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Gadsden Purchase
United States agreed to pay Mexico $10 million for a 29,670 square mile portion of Mexico that later became part of Arizona and New Mexico. -
Kansas-Nebraska Act
bill that mandated “popular sovereignty” -
Bleeding Kansas begins
a series of violent civil confrontations in Kansas Territory, United States, -
Republican Party Created
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Period: to
Reconstruction Era
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Caning of Senator Sumner
a pro-slavery Democrat from South Carolina, used a walking cane to attack Senator Charles Sumner, an abolitionist Republican from Massachusetts, -
Dred Scott v . Sandford
Judgment in the U.S. Supreme Court Case Dred Scott v. In this ruling, the U.S. Supreme Court stated that slaves were not citizens of the United States and, therefore, could not expect any protection from the Federal Government or the courts -
John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, Virginia
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Republican Abraham Lincoln Wins Presidential Election of 1860
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Seven Southern States Secede from the Union, Forming the Confederate States of America
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Democrat Jefferson Davis Elected President of the Confederacy
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Battle of Fort Sumter
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Lincoln Suspends Habeas Corpus
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Period: to
Civil War
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Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation granted freedom to the slaves in the Confederate States if the States did not return to the Union by January 1, 1863. -
Homestead Act
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Battle of Vicksburg
the siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi, in 1863 gave the Union control of the Mississippi River in the American Civil War. ... By having control of the river, Union forces would split the Confederacy in two and control an important route to move men and supplies. -
Battle of Gettysburg
The Union's eventual victory in the Battle of Gettysburg would give the North a major morale boost and put a definitive end to Confederate General Robert E. Lee's bold plan to invade the North -
Gettysburg Address
Lincoln honored the Union dead and reminded the listeners of the purpose of the soldier's sacrifice: equality, freedom, and national unity. -
Gen. Lee Surrenders to Gen. Grant at Appomattox Court Hous
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President Abraham Lincoln Assassinated by John Wilkes Booth
the assassination was part of a larger conspiracy intended by Booth to revive the Confederate cause by eliminating the three most important officials of the United States government. -
President Andrew Johnson Becomes Presiden
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Johnson Pardons the South
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Radical Republicans Champion for Black Civil Rights in Congress
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13th amendment
"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." -
Freedmens Bureau Created
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Sharecropping begins in the South
Sharecropping is a type of farming in which families rent small plots of land from a landowner in return for a portion of their crop, to be given to the landowner at the end of each year. -
Black Codes First Passed in the South
Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force -
Ku Klux Klan Formed
The Ku Klux Klan commonly shortened to the KKK or the Klan, is an American white supremacist hate group whose primary targets are African Americans -
"Scalawags and Carpetbaggers"
a pejorative term for a white Southerner who supported the federal plan of Reconstruction or who joined with black freedmen and the so-called carpetbaggers in support of Republican Party policies. -
Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson
President Johnson ordered Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton removed from office. The House Committee on Reconstruction reported resolution of impeachment against Johnson. -
14th amendment
It was ratified in 1868 in order to protect the civil rights of freed slaves after the Civil War. It has proven to be an important and controversial amendment addressing such issues as the rights of citizens, equal protection under the law, due process, and the requirements of the states. -
Transcontinental Railroad Complete
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15th amendment
The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution granted African American men the right to vote by declaring that the "right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." -
Hiram Rhode Revels Becomes First African American in Congress (Senate)
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Nativism Spreads
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Standard Oil Company Founded by John D. Rockefeller
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Industrialization Begins to Boom
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Social Darwinism Theory Gains Popularity
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The “New South” wants Industrialization
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Jim Crow Laws Begin in South
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Boss Tweed rise at Tammany Hall
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telephone Invented by Alexander Graham Bell
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Reconstruction End
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Period: to
Gilded Age
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Light Bulb Invented by Thomas Edison
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3rd Wave of Immigration: “New Immigrants
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Chinese Exclusion Act
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Pendleton Act
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Haymarket Massacre
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Dawes Act
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Interstate Commerce Act
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Andrew Carnegie’s Book “Gospel of Wealth”
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Chicago Hulls House started by Jane Addams
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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how the other half lives
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Influence of Sea Power Upon History
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Boxer Rebellion
an uprising against foreigners that occurred in China about 1900, begun by peasants but eventually supported by the government. -
Period: to
Progressive Era
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Period: to
Imperialism
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Carnegie Steel Company Founded by Andrew Carnegie
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Homestead Steel Labor Strike
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Pullman Labor Strike
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Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court Case
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Annexation of Hawaii
he Joint Resolution passed and the Hawaiian islands were officially annexed by the United States. -
Spanish - American War
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Open Door Policy
The Open Door policy was a statement of principles initiated by the United States in 1899 and 1900. It called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity. -
Roosevelt’s Big Stick Diplomacy/ Roosevelt
President Theodore Roosevelt's assertive approach to Latin America and the Caribbean has often been characterized as the “Big Stick,” and his policy came to be known as the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine. -
Period: to
Theodore Roosevelt
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Panama Canal U.S Construction Begins
President Theodore Roosevelt oversaw the realization of a long-term United States goal—a trans-isthmian canal. -
Pure food and drug act
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Ford Model-T
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• NAACP started by W.E.B. Du Bois
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Period: to
William Howard taft
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16th amendment
The Sixteenth Amendment, ratified in 1913, played a central role in building up the powerful American federal government of the twentieth century by making it possible to enact a modern, nationwide income tax. -
federal reserve act
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• Assissination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
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• Trench Warfare, Poison Gas, and Machine Guns
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17th amendment
Seventeenth Amendment, amendment (1913) to the Constitution of the United States that provided for the direct election of U.S. senators by the voters of the states. ... This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution. -
Period: to
World War 1
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• Sinking of the Lusitania
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National Parks System
Preserves scenic and unique natural landscapes, preserves and interprets the country's historic and cultural heritage, protect wildlife habitats. ... Protection of habitats, farming, and breeding areas, and also danger species. -
• Zimmerman Telegram
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• Russian Revolution
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• U.S. entry into WWI
Along with news of the Zimmerman telegram threatening an alliance between Germany and Mexico, Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war against Germany. -
• Battle of Argonne Forest
The Meuse–Argonne offensive was a major part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front -
• Woodrow Wilson’s Fourteen Points
The Fourteen Points was a statement of principles for peace that was to be used for peace negotiations in order to end World War I. -
• Germany Declares an Armistice
In 1918, the infusion of American troops and resources into the western front finally tipped the scale in the Allies' favor. Germany signed an armistice agreement with the Allies -
Treaty of Versailles
The Treaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. -
18th amendment
The Eighteenth Amendment declared the production, transport, and sale of intoxicating liquors illegal, though it did not outlaw the actual consumption of alcohol. Shortly after the amendment was ratified, Congress passed the Volstead Act to provide for the federal enforcement of Prohibition. -
19th amendment
The 19th Amendment granted women the right to vote, and reads: “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.” -
• President Harding’s Return to Normalcy
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Harlem Renaissance
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Red Scare
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Period: to
Roaring Twenties
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Teapot Dome Scandal
Convicted of accepting bribes from the oil companies, Fall became the first presidential cabinet member to go to prison; no one was convicted of paying the bribes. -
• Joseph Stalin Leads Soviet Union
He served as both General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1952) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941–1953). -
• Scopes “Monkey” Trial
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• Charles Lindbergh’s Trans-Atlantic Flight
Yet Lindbergh landed safely in Paris less than 34 hours later, becoming the first pilot to solo a nonstop trans-Atlantic flight. -
St. Valentine’s Day Massacre
The Saint Valentine's Day Massacre was the 1929 murder of seven members and associates of Chicago's North Side Gang that occurred on Saint Valentine's Day. -
Stock Market Crashes “Black Tuesday”
The Wall Street Crash of 1929, also known as the Great Crash, was a major American stock market crash that occurred in the autumn of 1929. -
• The Jungle by Upton Sinclair
