-
1215
Magna Carta
King John signed
Moved rule of man to rule of law
Included taxation and trail provisions -
Petition of Rights
Required monarchs to obtain Parliamentary approval before new taxes
Government could not unlawfully imprison people or establish military rule during times of peace -
Crown and Parliament
Renewed conflicts and rebellion between the Crown and Parliament -
William and Mary
William and Mary chosen to rule, but had to govern according to statutes of Parliament -
English Bill of Rights
English bill of rights is passed -
Boston Massacre
British soldiers fired into crowd
5 colonists died -
Boston Tea Party
Revolutionaries dumped British Tea into the harbor -
Intolerable Acts
Colonists were forced to “Quarter,” or house, British troops -
Declaration of Independence
Likely drawn from Virginia Declaration of Rights and inspired by John Locke
Blamed the King for a variety of issues in the Colonies
Signed by the delegates to the Second Continental Congress -
Articles of Confederation
First National Government
Delegates aimed to have a confederation in which colonies kept their “sovereignty, freedom, and independence.”
Ratification delayed by argument over who would control western lands
Small states refused to ratify until they granted the entire confederation control over the lands -
Shay's Rebellion
Established a plan for settling the Northwest Territory
Included disputed lands
Created system for admitting states to the Union
Banned slavery in the territory
Guided nation’s western expansion -
Judiciary Act
Established a Three-tiered Judicial Structure
1. District courts
2. Circuit courts
3. Supreme Court -
Mass Media- Gazette
Federalist paper Gazette of the United States published -
Marbury v. Madison
Power of judicial review -
12th Amendment
allows the President to choose V.P. -
McCulloch v. Maryland
"Power to tax is power to destroy" -
Gibbons v. Ogden
Right of a state legislature to award a monopoly to operate a steamship line between NY and NJ
Court said only Congress has the right to regulate commerce between states -
Dred Scott v. Stanford
Dred Scott
Slave who sued for his and his family's freedom after being taken to a free state
Court said that Scott, as an African-American and previously property, was not a citizen
Gave him no legal standing to sue
Called the “greatest disaster” of the Supreme Court -
Plessy v Ferguson
Ruled segregation was legal as long as the facilities were equal
“Separate but equal” doctrine -
17th Amendment
Direct Election of senators -
Mass Media -Radio
Radio became the first form of electronic media -
Native Americans
Fed govt. can regulate commerce with tribes
Most treaties resulted in loss of land and rights from Native Americans
Native Americans granted citizenship -
United States v. Miller
Ruled 2nd Amendment does not protect the right to have all types of weapons -
United States v. Darby
Upheld Fair Labor Standards Act; Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate employment conditions -
Minersville School District v. Gobitis
The Supreme Court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge (these actions violated the child’s religious beliefs) -
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
The court reversed itself and decided unity was not a sufficient reason to overrule religious beliefs. -
22nd Amendment
U.S. President can serve up to 10 years or two 4-year terms -
National Security Council
Coordinates national security policy
Brings together the top military, foreign affairs, and intelligence officials in the administration -
Mass Media -Television
Television replaced radio as most influential electronic media -
Brown v. Board
Ruled segregation is illegal
"Separate is inherently unequal" -
Great Society
Government program to eliminate poverty and social inequality
Johnson created creative federalism, which released national funds to achieve national goals. -
Edwards v. South Carolina
187 African-American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice
Students did not end the protest when police told them to and were arrested.
Court said the state had no authority to disperse the students, as they were protesting legally. -
Civil Rights Act
Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. -
25th Amendment
Sets up the formal processes of Presidential Succession -
Miranda v Arizona
Expanded rights of people accused of crimes
"Miranda Rights" -
Loving v. Virginia
Struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage -
Age Discrimination In Employment Act
Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment. -
Tinker v. Des Moines
Schools couldn’t prevent students from protesting the Vietnam War -
War Powers Resolution
President must consult with Congress before sending troops
Congress can force the president to end use of military with a concurrent resolution -
New Federalsim
Returned some authority to state governments
Ronald Reagan believed state governments could better provide services to the people -
College Cost
the average cost of a four-year college was $30,800 (adjusted for inflation) -
Harlow v. Fitzgerald
Established the rationale for qualified immunity -
Tennessee v. Garner
Limited police use of lethal force -
Graham v. Connor
Juries must consider if the officer believed force was reasonable -
Americans with Disabilities Act
Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -
District of Columbia v. Heller
Ruled the 2nd Amendment protects an individual's right to keep and bear arms for self-defense -
McDonald v. Chicago
Ruled 2nd Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd Amendment -
Obergefell v. Hodges
Ruled states must grant and recognize same-sex marriage
Republican presidents have appointed most of the Supreme Court justices since 1953. -
Mass Incarceration
2.3 million people were incarcerated in the United States
698 of every 100,000 Americans was in jail or prison.
The U.S. still has the highest level of incarceration in the world. -
College Cost
the average cost had risen to $85,480.
As a result, Americans owe about $1.56 trillion dollars in Student Loans.
The average borrower owes about $37,000.
Some politicians have proposed bills to forgive student loan debt or make college free for everyone, just like public school. -
Mass Incarceration
Black Americans were about 5.6x as likely to be imprisoned as White Americans.
Possible reasons for this imbalance include racial bias in the judicial system and community-level poverty.
The U.S. government has failed to take meaningful action about race discrepancies in prison populations.
