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Spanish Civil War.
The Civil War, took place from 1936 to 1939 and was fought between the Republicans, who were loyal to the democratic, left-leaning Second Spanish Republic, and the Nationalists, a falangist group led by General Francisco Franco. The Nationalists won, and Franco then ruled Spain for the next 36 years, from April 1939 until his death in November 1975. -
Rome-Berlin Axis.
The Axis grew out of the diplomatic efforts of Germany, Italy and Japan to secure their own specific expansionist interests in the mid-1930s. The first step was the treaty signed by Germany and Italy in October 1936. Mussolini declared that all other European countries would from then on rotate on the Rome-Berlin axis, thus creating the term "Axis". -
The Anti-Comintern Pact between Germany and Japan.
The Anti-Comintern Pact was an anti-communist pact concluded between Nazi Germany and the Empire of Japan (later to be joined by other, mainly fascist, governments) on November 25, 1936 and was directed against the Third (Communist) International. -
Munich Agreement.
The Munich Agreement was a settlement permitting Nazi Germany's annexation of portions of Czechoslovakia along the country's borders mainly inhabited by German speakers, for which a new territorial designation "Sudetenland" was coined. The agreement was negotiated at a conference held in Munich, Germany, among the major powers of Europe, excluding the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. Today, it is widely regarded as a failed act of appeasement toward Germany. -
The Pact of Steel or the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy.
The Pact of Steel, was a military and political alliance between the Kingdom of Italy and Germany. The pact was initially drafted as a tripartite military alliance between Japan, Italy and Germany. While Japan wanted the focus of the pact to be aimed at the Soviet Union, Italy and Germany wanted it aimed at Britain and France. Due to this disagreement, the pact was signed without Japan and became an agreement between Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, signed on 22 May 1939. -
Invasion of Poland.
The Invasion of Poland, also known as the September Campaign, or the 1939 Defensive War in Poland, was a joint invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany, the Free City of Danzig, the Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent, that marked the beginning of World War II in Europe. The German invasion began on 1 September 1939, one week after the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact. -
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Axis Victories.
In 1939 , Germany invades Poland. In 1940, France surrendered to Germany , which fails in its massive air attack on England. Italy enters war for the Axis. In 1941 , Germany attacked the USSR. Japan attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor. US enters the war -
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Second World War.
World War II (WWII or WW2), was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of of the world's nations. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. In a state of "total war". Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the strategic bombing which included the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. -
German-Soviet Treaty.
It was a second supplementary protocol, of the 1939 Hitler-Stalin Pact (known as by its original name of the German–Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Cooperation and Demarcation). It was a secret clause as amended on September 28, 1939 by Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union after their joint invasion and occupation of sovereign Poland. It was signed by Joachim von Ribbentrop and Vyacheslav Molotov, the foreign ministers of Germany and the Soviet Union respectively, in the presence of Joseph Stalin. -
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Allied Victory.
Victor Manuel III ordered the arrest of Mussolini and instructed to form a government general. On September 12, Mussolini was released and settled in the area occupied by the Nazis called with a fascist government. Italy was thus divided into two: the south; in the north and center. Overcoming a tough resistance that had moments of great intensity. However, the last line of defense in the Apennines, the "Gothic Line", resisted until April 1945, shortly before the final defeat of the Axis. -
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Battle of Stalingrad.
The Battle of Stalingrad (23 August 1942 – 2 February 1943) was a major battle on the Eastern Front of World War II in which Nazi Germany and its allies fought the Soviet Union for control of the city of Stalingrad (now Volgograd) in Southern Russia, on the eastern boundary of Europe.
The result of this battle was decisive for Soviet victory. It was the destruction of the German 6th Army and Axis superiority on the Eastern Front rapidly begins to decline. -
Operation Overlord or the Battle of Normandy.
Operation Overlord was the code name for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied western Europe during World War II. The operation commenced on 6 June 1944 with the Normandy landings. A 1,200-plane airborne assault preceded an amphibious assault involving more than 5,000 vessels. Nearly 160,000 troops crossed the English Channel on 6 June, and more than two million Allied troops were in France by the end of August. -
United Nations Conference on International Organization.
The United Nations Conference on International Organization (UNCIO) was a convention of delegates from 50 Allied nations that took place from 25 April 1945 to 26 June 1945 in San Francisco, United States. At this convention, the delegates reviewed and rewrote the Dumbarton Oaks agreements. The convention resulted in the creation of the United Nations Charter, which was opened for signature on 26 June.
The conference was chaired by U.S. diplomat Alger Hiss. -
Germany's surrender or End of World War II in Europe.
The final battles of the European Theatre of World War II as well as the German surrender to the Western Allies and the Soviet Union took place in late April and early May 1945. On the night of May 8 signed a similar document in the Soviet headquarters located in the town of Karlshorst (a suburb of Berlin ) , explicitly surrendering to the Soviet Union , in the presence of General Georgy Zhukov , commander of Soviet troops in Germany. -
Potsdam Conference
The Potsdam Conference was held at Cecilienhof, in Potsdam, from 17 July to 2 August 1945. Participants were the USSR, USA and UK. The three powers were represented by Communist Party General Secretary Joseph Stalin, Prime Ministers and, later, the President Harry S. Truman. Stalin, Churchill, and Truman gathered to decide how to administer the defeated Nazi Germany, which had agreed to unconditional surrender nine weeks earlier, on 8 May. -
Atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
The war in Europe had concluded when Nazi Germany signed its instrument of surrender on May 8, 1945. The United States, with the consent of the United Kingdom as laid down in the Quebec Agreement, dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 6 and August 9, 1945, during the final stage of World War II. The two bombings, which killed at least 129,000 people, remain the only use of nuclear weapons for warfare in history.
