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May 29, 1453
Ottomans Conquer Constantinople
The Ottoman Empire, an Islamic empire, conquered Constantinople and took over trade operations in the Middle East. The empire would spread throughout the Middle East and North Africa until 1919 -
Sep 7, 1533
Elizabeth 1 becomes Queen of England
Queen Elizabeth was also known as The Virgin Queen, Gloriana. She was the last monarch of the Tudor Dynasty. She was queen of England until November 17, 1558 -
England defeats the Spanish Armada
130 Spanish ships had a purpose to invade England.The English Naval Force defeated the Spanish Armada after 8 hours of furious fighting. The English raided on the Armada's supplies and the Spanish retreated to the North Sea heading back to Spain. -
Tokugawa Shogunate
Tokugawa clan takes over imperial Japan and establishes itself as the Shogun. They establish the capital st Kyoto and rule until 1867 -
The Thirty Years War
The Thirty Years War was a series of wars in Central Europe between 1618 and 1648. It was one of the longest and most destructive conflicts in European history, as well as the deadliest European religious war, resulting in 8 million casualties. -
The English Civil War
was a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between Parliamentarians and Royalists over, principally, the manner of England's government. During the war that lasted from August 22, 1642 to September 3, 1651, King Charles 1 was executed. -
Manchus found the Qing Dynasty in China
The Qing Dynasty was the last imperial dynasty of China ruling from 1644 to 1912. The Qing Dynasty was restored as the Ming Dynasty in 1917 -
Peter the Great becomes Czar of Russia
Peter the Great at first ruled with his brother Ivan V from 1682 to 1696. Peter officially became Czar of Russia when his brother died in 1696 -
The British Colonization of India
Colonial India was one of the main types of trade in the world economy and was the main catalyst for the period of European exploration. The search for the wealth and prosperity of India led to the accidental "discovery" of the Americas by Christopher Columbus in 1492. Only a few years later, Portuguese sailor Vasco da Gama became the first European to re-establish direct trade links with India since Roman times. -
The Industrial Revolution
Jethro Tull perfected a horse-drawn seed drill in 1700 that economically sowed the seeds in neat rows. He later developed a horse-drawn hoe. In 1793, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. James Hargreaves was one of three inventors responsible for mechanizing spinning.James Watt improved on Thomas Newcomen's 1712 Newcomen steam engine with his Watt steam engine in 1781. Richard Invented the very first locomotive, a newer and faster way to travel or transport goods over very long distances. -
Catherine the Great becomes Czarina of Russia
Catherine the Great became empress consort as Peter took the throne as Emperor Peter 3. She held power when her husband, Peter, died and Russia grew larger and stronger than ever and was recognized for one of the great powers of Europe. -
The British Colonies of North America declare their Independence
The Continental Congress voted to approve a Virginia motion calling for separation from Britain. The Declaration of Independence was a treaty made to declare the independence of the colonies. Great Britain loses their colonies. -
The French Revolution
The French Revolution was a period of far-reaching social and political upheaval in France that lasted from 1789 until 1799. The Revolution overthrew the monarchy, established a republic, and experienced violent periods of political turmoil. -
The Napoleonic Age
The Napoleonic era is a period in the history of France and Europe. It is generally classified as including the fourth and final stage of the French Revolution, the first being the National Assembly, the second being the Legislative Assembly, and the third being the Directory. The Napoleonic era begins roughly with Napoleon Bonaparte overthrowing the Directory, establishing the French Consulate and ends in 1802. -
The Unification of Italy
The Italian unification was the political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian peninsula into the single state of the Kingdom of Italy in the 19th century. The process began in 1815 with the Congress of Vienna and was completed in 1871 when Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy. -
Mexico declares its Independence from Spain
On September 16, 1810, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla, a Catholic priest, launched the Mexican War of Independence with the issuing of his Grito de Dolores, or “Cry of Delores.” The revolutionary tract called for the end of Spanish rule in Mexico, redistribution of land, and racial equality. -
The Great Reform Bill of 1832
The 1832 Reform Act was an Act of Parliament that introduced wide-ranging changes to the electoral system of England and Wales. According to its preamble, the Act was designed to "take effectual Measures for correcting divers Abuses that have long prevailed in the Choice of Members to serve in the Commons House of Parliament". -
The Opium Wars
The Opium Wars were two wars in the mid-19th century involving Anglo-Chinese disputes over British trade in China and China's sovereignty. The disputes included the First Opium War and the Second Opium War. 1839-1860 -
The Great Potato Famine
The Great Famine was a period of mass starvation, disease, and emigration in Ireland between 1845 and 1852. About two-fifths of the population was solely reliant on this cheap crop for a number of historical reasons. -
Karl Marx and Frederic Engels publish The Communist Manifesto
The Communist Manifesto is an 1848 political pamphlet by German philosophers Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. It was commissioned by the Communist League and originally published in London. -
The Unification of Germany
The unification of Germany into a politically and administratively integrated nation state officially occurred from 1850 to 1871 in the Hall of Mirrors at the Palace of Versailles in France. Princes of the German states gathered there to proclaim Wilhelm I of Prussia as German Emperor after the French capitulation in the Franco-Prussian War. -
The Taiping Rebellion
The Taiping Rebellion was a massive rebellion in China that lasted from 1850 to 1864. It was fought between the established Manchu-led Qing dynasty and the millenarian movement of the Heavenly Kingdom of Peace. -
The Suez Canal
The Suez Canal is an artificial sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea through the Isthmus of Suez. It was constructed by the Suez Canal Company between 1859 and 1869. -
Charles Darwin publishes The Origin of Species
On the Origin of Species, published on 24 November 1859, is a work of scientific literature by Charles Darwin which is considered to be the foundation of evolutionary biology. Darwin's book introduced the scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. -
The Civil War begins in the United States
The Union faced secessionists in eleven Southern states grouped together as the Confederate States of America. On April 13, U.S. Major Robert Anderson surrendered the fort. 1861-1865 -
The Emancipation Proclamation
The Emancipation Proclamation was a presidential proclamation and executive order issued by President Abraham Lincoln. It had the practical effect that as soon as a slave escaped the control of the Confederate government, by running away or through advances of federal troops, the slave became legally free. 1862-1863 -
The Meiji Restoration
The Meiji Restoration was a chain of events that restored practical imperial rule to Japan in 1868 under Emperor Meiji. Although there were Emperors before the Meiji Restoration, the events restored practical abilities and consolidated the political system under the Emperor of Japan. -
The Berlin Conference
The Berlin Conference of 1884–1885 regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period. It also coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power. -
The Russo-Japanese War
The Russo-Japanese War was fought between the Russian Empire and the Empire of Japan over rival imperial ambitions in Manchuria and Korea. The Japanese took a victory and the Treaty of Portsmouth was established when the war ended in 1905 on the 5th of September. -
The Mexican Revolution
The Mexican Revolution was a major armed struggle from 1910 to 1920 that radically transformed Mexican culture and government. This event was when liberals and intellectuals began to challenge the regime of dictator Porfirio Díaz, who had been in power since 1877, a term of 34 years called El Porfiriato, violating the principles and ideals of the Mexican Constitution of 1857. -
The Chinese Revolution
The Chinese Communist Revolution was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, and established the Republic of China. The war ended in 1912 of the 12th of February that resulted with a communist victory and takeover of mainland China. -
World War 1 begins
World War I was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to November 11, 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history. Over nine million combatants and seven million civilians died as a result of the war (including the victims of a number of genocides). -
The Russian Revolution
The Russian Revolution was a pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917, which dismantled the Tsarist autocracy and led to the eventual rise of the Soviet Union. The Russian Empire collapsed with the abdication of Emperor Nicholas II, and the old regime was replaced by a provisional government during the first revolution of February 1917
