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Company of One Hundred Associates formed
French trading and colonization company aimed to capitalize North American fur trade and expand French colonies there. Managed fur trade in New France and in return was to settle French Catholics in New Colonies. The company encountered many difficulties with its exploitation, for example finding one of its ships seized, captured goods brought back to England, causing them to lose 90% of it's initial investment. Unable to deal with difficulties, the company surrendered its charter in 1663. -
Carignan-Salieres Regiment arrive
1200 men, including soldiers and Crown representatives, arrived in New France as part of the reforms introduced by Louis XIV, the arrival brought joy to the people, Marie de l' Incarnation believing the colony was saved. Defense was build along the Richelieu River. Seven ships were required to transport regiment to New France, and passengers settled mainly in the Richelieu valley and in Montreal area, areas that were undeveloped and vulnerable to Iroquois threat. -
Canadian Militia formed
Canadian Militia was strong before 1663, but after 1669, King Louis XIV ordered that all males between the ages of 16 and 60 that are capable of bearing arms had to belong, formalizing it. The purpose was to enhance security, and defend their colony. Soldiers were considered to be very effective and ruthless, feared by their enemy's, and provided labour to build roads, bridges and fortifications. Younger members trained in swift movements and surprise attacks. -
Treaty of Utrecht
Series of individual peace treaties, signed in Utrecht, January 1713. Representatives of France, England, the Netherlands, Prussia, Portugal, Austria, Sicily, Naples, Savoy, Milan, and Nice were some of the signatures. Treaties ended the French ambitions of Hegemony in Europe, and balanced power. They did not however mention the aboriginal peoples of Acadia, nor was any consideration given to their rights in any negotiation or documents by either the French or the English. -
The Fortress of Louisbourg
Located in Louisbourg, Nova Scotia, occupied by French settlers beginning to build a navel base. The name Louisbourg came from their king. It became a base for protection of Quebec, as well as French fishing fleets and trading ships. Louisbourg began to thrive, having abundant manufactured goods, fishing supplies, food, and forest products. It became a major center for French trade, the fishing industry contributing to its economic growth, attracting trading ships to the area and supplying jobs. -
Exile and Ethnic cleansing of the Acadians
Acting Governor General, Charles Lawrence, decided to exile the Acadian's inhabiting Halifax due to their refusal to take an unconditional oath of allegiance to the English King. They were separated from family members, had their crops and homes burned, and were transported up the bay, 55% lost their lives when scattered, many of typhoid, smallpox, and yellow fever by 1763, 10,000 Acadians had been deported from their homeland. A decision that gave Britain more land and security. -
Beginning of the Seven year War
The seven year war was a global conflict, involving the largest armies and navies and was fought on all the seas of the world. France and Austria aligned against Britain and Prussia. For many French Canadians and Aboriginal Peoples, the war was a struggle for survival, it had deteriorated economic wealth and power of the European content and had done major damage to Quebec, with farms being neglected, homes and farms being destroyed and growing costs made living about survival. -
Treaty of Paris
The Treaty of Paris was signed by representatives of England, France, Spain. The Treaty marked the end of the Seven Year War and France gave up all its territory in the mainland North America to Great Britain, and marked the end of a phase of European conflict. There were no representatives of the Aboriginal Peoples at the Treaty signing, and the European rulers settled the fate of colonial and the Aboriginal peoples.
