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First Public Special Education Class
During this time special education emerged. Teachers realized that the students with disabilities were increasing so they suggested classes and teachers that could service the students. This fought off the idea of institutionalizing and stigmatizing students with disabilities. -
Inter. Coun. for Edu. of Excep. Child. (CEC)
An organization called the International Council for the Education of Exceptional Children (CEC) was formed by a group of supervisors and administrators attending a session at Teachers College at Columbia University during the summer. The organization was formed on August 10th, 1922. The CEC declared that it set forth professional standards for the field of special education.
https://exceptionalchildren.org/ -
The Nat. Assoc. for Retarded Child.(NARC)
During a time when not much was known or understood about intellectual disabilities (referred to as mental retardation at that time). Parents along with other advocates formed this group to help the parents raise their children in their own homes instead of institutionalizing them. This group also help create programs and activities for children with disabilities. -
Elem. and Sec. Educ. Act ESEA
This act started by the US Dept of Education passed a program to begin to give out money to schools and districts with a high percentage of low income students. These funds were intended to serve students who had special needs. In 1966 amendments were made to include aid to students with disabilities. -
Mills vs Board of Edu. Columbia SD
This class action suit representing 7 children that were denied a public education due to their disabilities and the additional expense for the school. This was one of the first cases to guarantee the rights of students with disabilities to be educated and that this education would be free. -
504 Rehabilitation Act.
This created a national law to protect persons with disabilities from discrimination. This law is applicable to organizations or agencies that receive monetary federal funds. This law also provides FAPE to these students and does not allow discrimination against these students.
https://www.understood.org/en/articles/what-is-a-504-plan -
Public Law 94-142
This act was to help create support systems to states and local school systems to protect the rights of children with disabilities. This act also helped improve the outcomes for children with disabilities. This act caused great progress in meeting the national goals for creating and applying effective systems and services for special education and related services. This created Free and Appropriate Education (FAPE). AKA, Education of All Handicap Children Act (AHA). -
CAST / UDL
The Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST) was developed using innovative techniques to reach all learners through the Universal Design of Learning (UDL), 1990. CAST continues today to collaborate to set up the educators with software development, planning, UDL principles, teacher preparation and ongoing support.
https://www.cast.org/ -
Indiv. with Disabilities Act
This act not only changed EHA to IDEA but is also included autism and traumatic brain injury into disability categories. At the same time this act mandated that transition plans become a part of the IEP to assist the student into post-secondary life. Video explaining IDEA:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3XMndYNEGFA -
Reauthorization IDEA
This reauthorization created earlier interventions, accountability and better educational effects within special education classrooms. The standards were raised and special ed funds had to be increased up to 15% towards general education if a disproportion existed in the number of minority students.
https://sites.ed.gov/idea/