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Sepoy Mutiny
A rumor was spread with the sepoys (Indian soldiers) that Enfield rifles were greased with beef and pork fat. Hindus and Muslims were outraged. 85 of the 90 sepoys denied to accept the cartridges and were sent to jail where they reveled in May 10 (mother’s day). They marched and captured Delhi and this spread to the northern and center of India. (Image of the fighting) -
Direct Control of India
The British took direct command of India during the reign of Queen Victoria. (raj=british rule) A cabinet minister in London directed policy and a British governor-general in India carried government’s orders. -
India Government
British governor-general held the title of viceroy. -
Indian Foreign Groups
During the growth of Indian Nationalism, two groups formed the rid of Indian foreign rule; the National Congress... -
Seperation of Bengal
The separation of Bengal to the Muslim and Hindu section inflamed the nationalists. Keeping them apart didn’t aid in the unification for independence. -
Indian Foreign Groups Part 2
and the Muslim League. Both groups found common ground even though of the deep divisions of Hindus and Muslims. At first, the groups were concentrated on specific concerns for Indians but then by the 1900’s they wanted self-government. They shared the heritage of British rule and an understanding of democratic ideals. (IMage of the 2 groups of Nationalists) -
Bengal Order
British took back the order of Bengal and divided the province in a different way. -
Coming From War
The Indian troops came back home from the war and hoped the British would complete their promise. They were treated as second-class citizens. In consequence, radical nationalists carried out acts of violence against the British rule. (image of WWII Indian Soldiers) -
Rowlatt Act
1919: To slow down the acts of violence, the British passed Rowlatt Acts. The laws allowed the government to imprison protesters without a trial for 2 years. This violated their individual rights. Afterwards in the Spring, around 10,000 Muslims and Hindus gathered in Amritsar, Punjab to fast and pray to listen to political speeches. A shooting was made by the British commander for 10 mins (400 dead, 1,200 wounded). Indians thens switched to Nationalism. (Image of massacre) -
Gandhi Campaign
The Congress Party endorsed civil disobedience (the deliberate and public refusal to obey an unjust law and nonviolence as the means for independence). Gandhi launched his campaign to weaken the British government’s authority and economic power. During the 1920’s many Indians were arrested because of strikes and demonstrations. (Image of Gandhi and supporters) -
Salt March
Caused the Salt March when Gandhi and his followers evaporated seawater to obtain salt instead of buying from the British government. Police officers then attacked them when they tried to shut down saltworks. This gained support for the Gandhi movement. Concluding 60,000 people and Gandhi were arrested. (Image of the live Salt March) -
British Parliament Government of India Act
The British government passed the British Parliament Government of India Act. This provided local self-government and limited democratic elections but it still wasn’t total independence. This caused tensions between who would rule India: the Muslims or Hindus. (Image of the British Act) -
WWII India Forces
Britain committed India’s forces to WWll without consulting the colonists representatives. -
Population of Hindus and Muslims
India had about 350 million Hindus and 100 million Muslims. -
Nationalist Control
The British tried to gain control of the nationalists by promising governmental changes after the war, but the offer didn’t include Indian independence. -
Calcutta Clashes
Clashes in Calcutta between the Muslims and the Hindus. Riotings left about 5,000 people dead and more than 15,000 hurt. The Muslims resisted attempts to be included in a government dominated by Hindus. (Image of Muslims and Hindu clashing) -
Partition of Pakistan and India
When the British House of Commons passed an act in July 16 that granted two nations (India and Pakistan) During a month the 500 independent native princes had to decide where to go. Violence erupted between the Muslims, Hindus and Sikhs when migrating. (Image of Pakistan and India flags) -
India and Democracy
August 15, India became the world’s largest democracy managed by Jawaharlal Nehru the first prime minister. (Image of Nehru) -
Gandhi Killed
Gandhi went to protest the fair treatment of Muslim refugees and was a victim killed by a Hindu extremist who thought Gandhi was protecting the Muslims. (Image of Gandhi funeral)
