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McCarthyism
U.S. campaign to root out communists in government and society during the late 1940' and 1950's led by Sen Joseph McCarthy; accusations were often based on rumors and half-truths. -
Containment & Iron Curtain
This was between the West and USSR. It invovled deviding Europe into 2 seperate areas at the end of WW11until the end of the Cold War is 1991. States developed their own economic and military alliances on either side of the Iron Curtain. -
Period: to
Cold war
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Iron Curtain
Winston Churchill delivers "Iron Curtain" Speech -
Truman Plan
President Herry Truman said that the U.S. would support Greece and Turkey with economic and military aid. Some people say this was the beginning or start of the Cold War. -
Apartheid
Was a system of racial segregation that was enforced through legislation by the National Party governments. Was a result of the 1948 elections. This brought the National Party to power. -
Marshall Plan
This was a plan to aid Europe. The United States gave support to help rebuild the Europeon economies after WW11. This helped prevent the spread of Soviet Communism. -
Berlin Blockade
Stalins planned to do 2 things here. 1. Was to make west berlin fail by taking their food and raw materials that they needed to survive and recover- for their economy. 2. was to see how the west would respond to his moves. -
Berlin Airlift
The Soviet Union took control of the Eastern half of Germany, the Western half was divided amongst the US, Great Britain, and France. The Allied Control Council, was installed in Berlin. This union of governments was to control and rebuild the city of Berlin. -
Comecon
Council for mutual and economic cooperation-- was formed in 1949-- a Soviet version of an economic community. Moscows answer to the Marshall plan -
Arms Race
Buildup of nuclear weapons between the U.S. and the Soviet Union -- began after the USSR exploded their first atomic weapon. -
Korean War
Korea was occupied by Japan until the end of WW2. Korea was divided by the US to the south and Russia/China to the North. In 1950, the North invaded the south pushing all the way to the tip of the peninsula in a matter of months. The U.S. helped the South push all the way back up to the Chinese border. -
Domino Theory
promoted by American foreign policy analysts during the 1950s and 1960s. Nations on the borders of communist nations could be considered under threat. falling like dominoes to communist influence--- where comunism could spread across a region -
Baghdad Pact
Middle Eastern Defence. Made in 1955 by Great Britian, Turkey and Iraq. Which later includes, U.S. , Iran, and Pakistan. -
Hungarian Revolution
Mass uprising that began with reformist efforts by Hungarian Communist Party lead lmre Nagy, crushed by USSR troops and tanks -
Eisenhower Doctrine
Pledge by Eisenhower in 1957 to provide military and economic aid to any Middle Eastern country fighting communism. -
Greap Leap Forward
The Great Leap Forward was Mao’s attempt to modernise China’s economy so that by 1988, China would have an economy that passed America. Mao announced a second Five Year Plan to last from 1958 to 1963. This plan was called the Great Leap Forward. -
OPEC
OPEC in 1960 reflected these concerns. OPEC made it hope to make industrial economies that relied heavily on oil imports vulnerable to Third World pressures. The strategy had success. Dwindling foreign aid from the United States and its allies -
Atlas
Developed in the 1960's. Missles were stored underground concrete basements to withstand a nuclear attack. -
Bay of Pigs
1400 Cuban exiles launched what became a botched invasion at the Bay of Pigs on the south coast of Cuba. ---an unsuccessful military invasion. -
Checkpoint Charlie
Border site between east and west berlin where u.s. and USSR tanks faced eachother in a standoff. --before both sdes withdrew. -
Cuban Missle Crisis
When the worls stood on the brick of a nuclear war, after the USSR placed nuclear weapons in Cuba and the U.S. responded with a blockade of the island on Oct. 22. the USSR agreed 6 days later to withdraw the weapons. -
Cultural Revolution
Mass campaign in China ordered by Mao Tse-tung in 1966--Aimed at renewing popular support for revolutionary communism. The nation nearly fell into a civil war. -
Tet Offensive
military campaign during the Vietnam War that was launched on January 30, 1968 by forces of the Viet Cong and North Vietnam. It was a campaign of surprising attacks during a period where no attacks were suppose to take place. -
Detente
A thaw in Cold War relations between the U.S. and the USSR from 1969-1975, highlighted by the signing of the Strtegic Arms Limitation (SALT) trety and the Helsinki Accords. -
Watergate
Was a web of political scandals between 1972 and 1974. It was a result of the June 17, 1972, break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office in Washington, D.C. Also led to the resignation of Richard Nixon-- the president of the U.S. -
1972 Olympics
was a international multi-sport event held in Munich, West Germany. 11 members of the Israeli Olympic team, who were taken hostage and eventually killed, along with a German police officer, by the Palestinian group Black September -
Vietnam War
The Vietnamese had enough of the French and with the help of the Chinese engaged the French in a war where the French were defeated at Dien Bien Phu by general Vo Giap. Both sides had many losses and the Americans decided to pull back and go back home. -
FNLA
National Front for the Liberation of Angola, a U.S.- backed faction that fought against the USSR- backed up MPLA for control of Angola after the Portuguse withdrew in 1975 -
Apollo Soyuz
First manned space flight conducted by the U.S. and the Soviet union. -
Camp David accords
Camp David accords, popular name for the historic peace accords forged in 1978 between Israel and Egypt at the U.S. presidential retreat at Camp David, Md. The official agreement was signed on Mar. 26, 1979, in Washington, D.C -
Ayatollah Khomeini
Iranian religious leader and politician, and leader of the 1979 Iranian Revolution which was the overthrow of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. -
Iran Hostage Situation
crisis between Iran and the United States. Fifty-two Americans were held hostage for 444 days (November 4, 1979 to January 20, 1981), after a group of Islamist students and militants supporting the Iranian Revolution took over the American Embassy in Tehran. -
Perestroika and Glasnost
the policies he believed might help reduce the corruption at the top of the Communist Party and the Soviet government--was a policy that called for increased openness and transparency in government institutions and activities in the Soviet Union. Introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev -
Geneva Agreement
signed by the USSR, U.S., Afganistan, and Pakistan in 1988, it called on the USSR to withdraw their troops from Afganistan by Feb. 1989. -
Tiananment Square Massacre
The Tiananment Square was a student-led popular demonstrations in Beijing in the spring of 1989. troops with assault rifles and tanks inflicted thousands of casualties on civilians trying to block the military’s advance on Tiananmen Square in the heart of Beijing, which student demonstrators had occupied for seven weeks. -
Geneva Confrence on Indochina
Established a North and South Vietman with a border along the 17th parallel, following the defeat of French Colonial forces at Dien Bien Phu. -
Nafta
North American Free Trade Agreement between the United States, Canada, and Mexico (NAFTA) -
Helsinki Accords
Declaration signed in 1975 by the U.S., Canada, and every Eurpean nation except Albania, that postwar European borders were permanent and that the countries would respect their citizes' human rights and freedom.
