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Charles II of Spain 2
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Charles II of Spain
- He was also called Charles the Mad. He was king of Spain from 1665 to 1700 and the last monarch of the Spanish Habsburg dynasty. Charles’s reign opened with a 10-year regency under the queen mother, during which the government was worried with combatting the ambitions of the French king Louis XIV in the Low Countries and with intrigues at court involving the Queen.
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War of Spanish succession 2
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War of Spanish Succession
- It was a conflict that arose out of the disputed succession to the throne of Spain following the death of Charles II. In the sucession, to which there were three principal claimants, England, the Dutch Republic, and France signed the First Treaty of Partition, agreeing that on the death of Charles II, Prince Joseph Ferdinand, should inherit Spain, the Spanish Netherlands, and the Spanish colonies.
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Treaty of Utrecht
- The peace of Utrecht were a series of treaties between France and other European powers. They recognized Felipe V as king of Spain, but transferred the Spanish possessions to the Netherlands and Italy to Austria and to Savoy. In order to reach the goal of separating the crowns of France and Spain, the treaties required Felipe V to gave up all his claims to the French throne, and viceversa.
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Peace of Rastatt
- The Peace of Rastatt were a series of treaties between the Holy Roman emperor Charles VI and France. They ended the emperor’s attempt to continue the War of the Spanish Succession (1700–14) after the other states had made peace in the Treaties of Utrecht (beginning in 1713).
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New Foundation Decrees
- New Foundation Decrees were a number of declarations signed by Philip V after the end of the War of the Spanish Succession by the Treaty of Utrecht.
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Charles III of Spain 2
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Charles III of Spain
- He reign as king of Spain from 1759 to 88 and as king of Naples from 1734 to 59. He was the son of Philip V of Spain and Isabella Farnese of Parma, he also was Duke of Parma due to his mother. He was one of the “enlightened despots” of the 18th century, who helped lead Spain to a brief cultural and economic revival.
https://global.britannica.com/biography/Charles-III-king-of-Spain -
Polish War of Succession
- The War of the Polish Succession was an European conflict in order to determine the successor of the king of Poland. The war resulted mainly in a redistribution of Italian territory and an increase in Russian influence over Polish affairs.
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Family Compacts
- Family Compacts were several alliances between France and Spain in the form of agreements between the French and Spanish branches of the Bourbon family.
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Family Compact 1
- The first of the three compacts was called the Treaty of the Escorial. Philip V formed a plan to use this conflict to win back lost territories in Italy for his sons. Because of his close relationship with Louis XV their alliance became known as the Family Compact. Louis failed to restore Stanislas to the Polish throne, but the Bourbons would gain the Duchy of Lorraine (for France).
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Family Compact 2
- It continued and expanded the first compact. In support of France´s involvement with the Austrian War of Succession, resulted in the instalation of Charle´s younger brother Phillip, as duke of Parma and Piacenza.
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Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos 2
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Gaspar Melchor de Jovellanos
- He was a Spanish statesman and author, one of the most important figures of the 18th-century Spanish Enlightenment.He gained fame for his literary and scholarly activities and for his personal integrity.
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Austrian War of Succession
- The War of the Austrian Succession was a conglomeration of related wars, two of which developed directly from the death of Charles VI, Holy Roman emperor and head of the Austrian branch of the house of Habsburg.
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Canal de Castilla
- It consisted of a network of four channels that linked Segovia with Reinosa, but only three branches were built. They were built during the reign of Ferdinand vi and was one of the most important economic reformed of this period.
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Family Compact 3
- The third was the most important of the treaties. Both England and France sought Spanish support in the Seven Years War. The pact, which dealt with political and commercial relations and with the entry of Spain into the war, also included the Bourbon ruler of the Two Sicilies and the duke of Parma.
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Treaty of Paris
- The Treaty of Paris of 1763 ended the French and Indian War/Seven Years’ War between Great Britain and France, as well as their respective allies. In the terms of the treaty, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there.
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Esquilache Riots
- Esquilache was the king Charle´s iii minister, he wanted to modernize Spain ( higher hygiene in the streets, traditional long capes and wide-brimmed hats were also prohibited because they allow criminalts hide their faces and weapons... ).
http://www.babylon-software.com/definition/Esquilache%20Riots/
https://pedrofloresprofe.wordpress.com/2016/10/13/the-esquilache-riots/ -
Esquilache riots 2
- This riots were mainly caused by the growing discontent in Madrid about the rising costs of bread and other staples, such as bad harvests. Esquilache was blamed for this crisis and ended sacked. When the rioting started again there was no Esquilache to blame so all the Jesuits in the city were expelled.
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Manuel de Godoy 2
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Manuel de Godoy
- He was an army officer that won the favor of Queen María Luisa and rose rapidly at the court of Charles IV. The king made him chief minister in 1792, and except for a brief eclipse from power, Godoy ruled continuously until 1808. Godoy joined (1793) the war of the First Coaltion (1793) against revolutionary France, but in 1795 he made peace (the second Treaty of Basel) and was awarded the title Prince of the peace.
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Jesuits are expelled from Spain
- The Bourbons expelled the Jesuits from Spain in order to return Spain to the framework of its traditional society and build a powerful centralized government, system of taxation and navy reformed. Also to eliminate their power in education.
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Joseph I 3
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Joseph I
- He was a lawyer, diplomat, soldier, and Napoleon I’s eldest surviving brother, who was successively king of Naples and king of Spain. His proclamation like monarch was precipitated by the increase of the violence that followed the episode of the Uprising of 2 of May and culminated a period of convulsions and political intrigues instigated by the strategy of the emperor Napoleón I to obtain the abdication of the throne of the reigning dynasty of Charles IV of Spain.
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Joseph I 2
Assuring the influence and primacy of the First French Empire and increasing Spanish dependence on the political, economic and military Bonapartist interests, to the detriment of their enemy nations, mainly Portugal and Great Britain. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_I_Bonaparte#Rey_de_Espa.C3.B1a_.281808-1813.29 -
American Declaration of Independence
- The American colonies had been founded to help expand the British economy and to provide a new society to those anxious of escaping from life in Europe. But for two centuries, Britain ignored the colonies and the colonists enjoyed the freedom. But then, in the middle of the eighteenth century, British governments started to develop a proper policy and wanted to make changes in their relationship with the colonies.
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American Declaration of Independence 2
- Over the next 12 years, time and again the British tried to tax the Americans, and time and again the Americans refused to pay. The British tried a variety of means, by law and by force, to try to make the Americans obey. The most famous one is the Tea Boston Party, in which more than 45 tons of tea were thrown to the sea.
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Floridablanca
The first decisions of Carlos IV showed some reformist purposes. He confirmed in his position as the first Secretary of State and of the Office the Count of Floridablanca, an enlightened one who began his administration with measures such as the forgiveness of the delay in contributions, limiting the price of bread, restricting the accumulation of dead hands, suppression of links and majorities and the promotion of economic development. He also was incharged of the Cortes. -
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Charles IV
- Charles IV was an absolute monarch who was manipulated by his wife Maria Luisa de Parma and her lover, Godoy. .Spain was soon pitted against the revolutionaries. Eventually forced to abdicate the Spanish throne to his son, Ferdinand VII, Charles and Ferdinand were both deposed by Napoleon. Ferdinand VII was reinstalled in 1813, and Charles died in Rome in 1819.
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Execution of Louis XVI
- Louis XVI's secret dealings and counter-revolutionary intrigues was discovered, and he and his family were charged with treason. Louis was soon found guilty by the National Assembly and condemned to death. He was guillotined in the Place de la Révolution.
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War of the Pyrenees
- The War of the Pyrenees, also known as War of Roussillon or War of the Convention, was the Pyrenean front of the First Coalition's war against the First French Republic. It pitted Revolutionary France against the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal during the French Revolutionary Wars. It took place during the reign of Charles IV.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_the_Pyrenees -
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Reign of Terror
- It took place after the death of Louis XVI, and lasted for one year. It was leadered by Maximiliem Robespierre, a radical and revolutionary man. He took harsh measures to those suspected of being enemies of the revolution. More than 16,0000 people died by the guillotine. Robespierre died in the same way.
https://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/rschwart/hist255/kat_anna/terror.html
https://global.britannica.com/event/Reign-of-Terror -
Espartero Baldomero 2
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Espartero Baldomero
- He was a general and spanish politic that faced the carlists in the Fisrt Carlist War. He was named as general of The North Army and managed uprising of Bilbao, so that the queen awarded him with the title of Count of Luchana. He promoted the divisions of the Carlist sides that put end to the firts Carlist War. Thank to this achievement he was named as Duke of the Victory.1793/10/27 - 1879/01/08)
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Treaty of San Ildefonso
- The Treaty of San Ildefonso of 1796 was an alliance of France with Spain against Great Britain in the French Revolutionary Wars. Under the terms of the agreement, both States agreed to maintain a joint military policy against Great Britain, which at that time threatened the Spanish fleet on its voyages to America.
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Napoleon is crown as emperor
- Napoleon proclaimed himself emperor after two years of been First Consul with the right to choose his successor. His coronation ceremony took place in the Cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris. Napoleon even paid for Pope Pius VII, who had signed the Concordat of Rome, to travel to France for the occasion, believing that his presence would inspire the event with a solemn, religious feeling.
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Battle of Trafalgar
- It was a naval fight in the cape of Trafalgar on the Spanish coast, between the combined fleets of Spain and France and the Royal Navy. It was the last great sea action of the period and its significance to the outcome of the war in Europe is still debated by historians.
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Treaty of Fontainebleau
- It was a secret agreement between Spain and France regarding the partition of Portugal. In the treaty, Charles IV and Napoleon I outlined a proposed conquest and division of Portugal by Spain and France as part of Napoleon's attempt to isolate England.
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The Peninsular War 2 : The Charge of the Mamelukes
- Napoleon seeing an opportunity of gaining more territory suggested to Charles that they join forces, attack Spain’s neighbour, Portugal and divide up the conquered land between themselves, one third to France, one third to Spain and one third to the Spanish prime minister Godoy. Unfortunately Napoleon had an ulterior motive and French troops marched into Spain. With he spanish army in Portugal and Charle´s IV and Ferdinand in Bayonne, he met with little resistance.
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Peninsular War 3: the night of the cats
- That night, spanish people took their own cookink knives and climbig through the roofd attacked the mamelukes ( which were a fierce band of Muslim fighters in Napoleon’s French Imperial Guar ) the street fighting took place at the Calle de Alcala near the Puerta del Sol in the heart of Madrid.
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The Peninsular War
- It was a military conflict between Napoleon's empire and the allied powers of Spain, Britain and Portugal for control of the Iberian Peninsula during the Napoleonic Wars. The war started when French and Spanish armies invaded and occupied Portugal. The war on the peninsula lasted until the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon and is regarded as one of the first wars of national liberation.
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The peninsular war 4 :
- This is the moment when spanish people were killed after their rebellion. They were killed in the mountain of Principe Pío by the french mamelukes.
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Bayonne constitution 2
- The aim of the Bayonne Constitution was to draw the Spanish to the side of Napoleon and mask his supremacy in Spain. It was imposed by Josep I ( Napoleon´s brother ), and his suppoters were called afrancesados.
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Bayonne constitution
- The Bayonne Constitution declared Spain a constitutional monarchy with a senate, state council, cortes, and a single tolerated religion—Catholicism. The Bayonne Constitution limited the law of primogeniture, abolished internal tariffs and established a single tax system, liquidated feudal legal procedures, introduced a single code of civil and criminal law for Spain and its colonies, and proclaimed freedom of development for agriculture and industry in the colonies.
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1st Spanish Constitution
- Spain’s first constitution, also called "La Pepa" was drawn up in Cadiz, enshrining the rights of Spanish citizens and limiting the power of the monarchy. Although it was not enacted for some years, its influence was considerable, both within peninsular Spain and its territories around the world. It consisted on :
- constitutional monarchy
- national sovereignity
- universal male suffrage
- separation of powers
- right to privacy
- Spain’s first constitution, also called "La Pepa" was drawn up in Cadiz, enshrining the rights of Spanish citizens and limiting the power of the monarchy. Although it was not enacted for some years, its influence was considerable, both within peninsular Spain and its territories around the world. It consisted on :
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Abdications of Bayonne
- There were a series of forced abdications of the Kings of Spain that led to the Spanish War of Independence, which overlaps with the Peninsular War. The failed El Escorial Conspiracy preceded the Mutiny of Aranjuez, which forced King Charles IV to abdicate the throne to his son Ferdinand VII in 1808 by order of the Spanish Royal Council.
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Ferdinand VII ( 1st period )
- Ferdinand was the son of Charles IV and Maria Luisa of Parma, who placed their whole confidence in Manuel de Godoy. During his reign he abolished the spanish constitution of 1812, and ruled as an absolute monarch.
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Riego's Pronunciamiento
It was a military "coup d´ etat " carried out by commander Rafael de Riego in Cabezas de San Juan (Sevilla). The pronouncement arose among the officers of the troops destined to fight against the American uprising, due to the existence of a great discomfort in the army. After the issuance of a proclamation the restoration of the constitutional authorities took place. http://lena-historiaysociedad.blogspot.com.es/2013/01/el-pronunciamiento-de-riego-1-de-enero.html -
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Ferdinand VII ( 2 nd period )
- He made a pronunciamiento in Riego in which he restored the constitution.
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Cien mil Hijos de San Luis
- It was a large army sent by France divided into five bodies, from the agreements taken by the powers of the Holy Alliance in the Congress of Verona. The army crossed the Spanish border and crossed the whole country pursuing the liberal government in Cádiz, meaning the end of the Liberal Triennium and thus beginning the last period Of the reign of Ferdinand VII, the so-called Ominous Decade.
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Ferdinand VII ( 3rd period )
- In 1923 Ferdinand asked the holly alliance to assisst hum in re-establishing the absolutism. I t lasted 10 years of repression and persucussion ( decada ominosa ).
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Salic law
- This was a law established by Philip V which restricted succession to the throne to the direct male line. However, King Ferdinand VII of Spain had only two daughters, Isabella and Luisa, so he brought the Pragmatic Sanction of 1830, so that his oldest daughter would inherit the throne and be declared queen upon his death, as was the Spanish custom.
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Carlists wars
- In the 19th century there were several insurrections of the Carlist against the government of Isabel II and successive, denominated at that time civil wars. When a new insurrection took place in 1936, that led to a more destructive war, it became customary to designate to the nineteenth century as "Carlist wars" and to reserve the term "Civil War" for that of 1936-1939.
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1st Carlist War
It was the most violent and dramatic, with almost 200,000 dead. The first uprisings in support of Carlos Maria de Isidro, proclaimed king by its followers with the name of Carlos V, happened to the few days of the death of Fernando VII, but were easily suffocated everywhere except in the Basque Country, Navarre , Aragon, Catalonia and the Valencian Community. https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlismo#Guerras_carlistas -
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Isabella II
- She was Ferdinand VII fourth´s wife, her power was limeted by the constitution. She had the support from two liberal parties, the moderate and the progressive one. She married Francisco de Asis and had 12 children ( although it is though none of them beloged to Francisco ). Two regnts governed until she had the age to do so, her other and General Espartero.
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1st Carlist War 2
- It was mainly a civil war, but it had an impact abroad: the absolutist countries (Austrian Empire, Russian Empire and Prussia) and the Papacy apparently supported the Carlists, while the United Kingdom, France and Portugal supported Isabel II, which resulted in the signing of the Treaty of the Quadruple Alliance in 1834.
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2nd Spanish constitution
- The Royal Statute was a flexible, brief and incomplete constitution. Of only 50 articles, which regulated the organization of the Cortes, its functions and its relations with the King, did not collect any title dedicated to the Monarchy or its Ministers and, above all, did not contain a declaration of fundamental rights of the citizen.
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3rd Spanish Constitution
- The regime that established this Constitution was of a constitutional Monarchy. On the one hand, it reinforced the powers of the King, ratifying the powers, already foreseen by the Royal Statute, of the convocation and dissolution of the House, as well as the right of veto. But, at the same time, it limited nature of the monarchy, it was the monarch the one who appointed the minister.
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5th Spanish Constitution
- It was the supreme norm during the effective reign of Elizabeth II, who replaced the Constitution of 1837 supreme rule during her minor. It was put in force until the proclamation of the Spanish constitution of 1869, although there were several attempts to replace it in 1852 and during the progressive biennium. It was the constitutional expression of Spanish doctrine.
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Amadeus of Savoy 2
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Amadeus of Savoy
- He was the only King of Spain from the House of Savoy. He was son of King Vittorio Emanuele II of Italy and was known for most of his life as the Duke of Aosta. After the Spanish revolution deposed Isabella II, the new Cortes decided to reinstate the monarchy under a new dynasty. The Duke of Aosta was elected King as Amadeus on 16 November 1870. He swore to uphold the constitution in Madrid on 2 January 1871.
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2nd Carlist War
- It was not as dramatic as the first and had a much smaller impact. The conflict continued discontinuously between 1849 and 1860. Its main battlefield was the rural areas of Catalonia, although there were some episodes in Aragon, Navarre and Guipúzcoa.
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Alfonso XII
- An "unfinished" reign over a premature and unexpected death and barely a decade as head of the Spanish state. He was son of Isabel II, who left the throne in the hands of Canovas. Canovas sent Alfonso to the training at the English military academy, in order to impregnate him with the principles of the British parliamentary monarchy. Alfonso was known as the peacemaker and showed himself to be a king who truly cared of his subjects.
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Spanish Glorious Revolution
- It took place in Spain in 1868, resulting in the deposition of Queen Isabella II. Leaders of the revolution eventually recruited an Italian prince, Amadeo of Savoy, as king. His reign lasted two years, and he was replaced by the first Spanish Republic. That also lasted two years, until leaders in 1875 proclaimed Isabella's son, as King Alfonso XII in the Bourbon Restoration.
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5th Spanish Constitution
- It was adopted by the Spanish Provisional Government which was formed after the triumph of the Glorious Revolution that ended the reign of Isabel II of Spain, creating a constitutional monarchy with Francisco Serrano, Duke of la Torre as regent, recognizing the right of freedom of religion for the first time. It was "Carta Magna" in effect during the more democratic reign of Amadeo I of Spain.
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3rd Carlist War
- The third Carlist war began with the armed uprising of Charles VII's supporters on the monarchy of Amadeo I and then on Alfonso XII, son of Isabel II proclaimed king by General Martinez Campos in Sagunto. The main conflicts of this war were in the rural areas of the Basque Country, Navarra and Catalonia. The war ended in 1876 with the conquest of Estella. There were some subsequent attempts at revolt but they were unsuccessful.
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First Republic
King Amadeo I abdicated the Spanish throne on 1873. His decision was made mainly due to the constant difficulties he had to face during his short tenure: the Ten Years’ War in Cuba, the outbreak of the Third Carlist War, opposition from monarchists hoping for a Borbón monarchy restoration, numerous republican insurrections and division among his own supporters. http://www.thespanishblog.com/2011/07/history-of-spain-the-first-spanish-republic/
video: https://youtu.be/2ZL7jt-CoSk -
First Republic 2
- The First Republic of Spain lasted only eleven months. The government collapsed, leading to the end of the first republic and the restoration of the Borbón monarchy with Alfonso XII as king. This short Republic was characterized by political and social instabilit. It was governed by four distinct presidents: Figueras, Margall, Nicolás Salmerón and Emilio Castelar, until General Manuel Pavía mounted a coup d’état and established a unified republic led by General Francisco Serrano in 1874.
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6th Spanish Constitution
- This constitution started from a constitutional draft developed by a group of former senators and deputies of previous legislatures, designated by Cánovas. A commission of 39 of them, presided by Manuel Alonso Martínez, was in charge of the final writing of the text. The text was approved without major changes by the Constituent Cortes elected by universal suffrage in accordance with the provisions of the Spanish Constitution of 1869. (same link as the previous one)
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Cuban War
- The Spanish-American War was a conflict between the United States and Spain that ended Spanish colonial rule in the Americas and resulted in U.S. acquisition of territories in the western Pacific and Latin America.
video: http://www.history.com/topics/spanish-american-war -
Cuban War 2
- By the Treaty of Paris, Spain renounced all claim to Cuba, ceded Guam and Puerto Rico to the United States, and transferred sovereignty over the Philippines to the United States. The victorious United States, on the other hand, emerged from the war a world power with far-flung overseas possessions and a new stake in international politics that would soon lead it to play a determining role in the affairs of Europe.
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7th Spanish constitution
- It was approved by the Constituent Cortes after the Spanish general elections which followed the proclamation of the Second Republic and was in force until the end of the civil war in 1939. In republican exile It continued to be recognized until 1977, until in the political process of the Transition it allowed the drafting of a new democratic "Carta Magna".
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8th Spanish constitution
- The Spanish Constitution of 1978 is the current supreme law of the Kingdom of Spain. It was enacted and signed by Juan Carlos I after the country's 1978 constitutional referendum and is a furtherance of the Spanish transition to democracy. The Spanish Constitution of 1978 was preceded by numerous other constitutions.
